Lemma 5.19.2. Let $X$ be a topological space.
Any closed subset of $X$ is stable under specialization.
Any open subset of $X$ is stable under generalization.
A subset $T \subset X$ is stable under specialization if and only if the complement $T^ c$ is stable under generalization.
Proof. Let $F$ be a closed subset of $X$, if $y\in F$ then $\{ y\} \subset F$, so $\overline{\{ y\} } \subset \overline{F} = F$ as $F$ is closed. Thus for all specialization $x$ of $y$, we have $x\in F$.
Let $x, y\in X$ such that $x\in \overline{\{ y\} }$ and let $T$ be a subset of $X$. Saying that $T$ is stable under specialization means that $y\in T$ implies $x\in T$ and reciprocally saying that $T$ is stable under generalization means that $x\in T$ implies $y\in T$. Therefore (3) is proven using contraposition.
The second property follows from (1) and (3) by considering the complement. $\square$
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