Lemma 12.5.4. Let $f : x \to y$ be a morphism in an abelian category $\mathcal{A}$. Then
$f$ is injective if and only if $f$ is a monomorphism, and
$f$ is surjective if and only if $f$ is an epimorphism.
Lemma 12.5.4. Let $f : x \to y$ be a morphism in an abelian category $\mathcal{A}$. Then
$f$ is injective if and only if $f$ is a monomorphism, and
$f$ is surjective if and only if $f$ is an epimorphism.
Proof. Proof of (1). Recall that $\mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(f)$ is an object representing the functor sending $z$ to $\mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(\mathop{\mathrm{Mor}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(z, x) \to \mathop{\mathrm{Mor}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(z, y))$, see Definition 12.3.9. Thus $\mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(f)$ is $0$ if and only if $\mathop{\mathrm{Mor}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(z, x) \to \mathop{\mathrm{Mor}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(z, y)$ is injective for all $z$ if and only if $f$ is a monomorphism. The proof of (2) is similar. $\square$
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