The Stacks project

Proof. This follows immediately from the fact that $f$ is fully faithful (see Properties of Stacks, Lemma 100.8.4) and the definition of the inertia in Categories, Section 4.34. Namely, an object of $\mathcal{I}_\mathcal {X}$ over a scheme $T$ is the same thing as a pair $(x, \alpha )$ consisting of an object $x$ of $\mathcal{X}$ over $T$ and a morphism $\alpha : x \to x$ in the fibre category of $\mathcal{X}$ over $T$. As $f$ is fully faithful we see that $\alpha $ is the same thing as a morphism $\beta : f(x) \to f(x)$ in the fibre category of $\mathcal{Y}$ over $T$. Hence we can think of objects of $\mathcal{I}_\mathcal {X}$ over $T$ as triples $((y, \beta ), x, \gamma )$ where $y$ is an object of $\mathcal{Y}$ over $T$, $\beta : y \to y$ in $\mathcal{Y}_ T$ and $\gamma : y \to f(x)$ is an isomorphism over $T$, i.e., an object of $\mathcal{I}_\mathcal {Y} \times _\mathcal {Y} \mathcal{X}$ over $T$. $\square$