Lemma 48.14.1. As above, let $X$ be a scheme and let $D \subset X$ be an effective Cartier divisor. There is a canonical isomorphism $R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits (\mathcal{O}_ D, \mathcal{O}_ X) = \mathcal{N}[-1]$ in $D(\mathcal{O}_ D)$.
Proof. Equivalently, we are saying that $R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits (\mathcal{O}_ D, \mathcal{O}_ X)$ has a unique nonzero cohomology sheaf in degree $1$ and that this sheaf is isomorphic to $\mathcal{N}$. Since $i_*$ is exact and fully faithful, it suffices to prove that $i_*R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits (\mathcal{O}_ D, \mathcal{O}_ X)$ is isomorphic to $i_*\mathcal{N}[-1]$. We have $i_*R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits (\mathcal{O}_ D, \mathcal{O}_ X) = R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(i_*\mathcal{O}_ D, \mathcal{O}_ X)$ by Lemma 48.9.3. We have a resolution
\[ 0 \to \mathcal{I} \to \mathcal{O}_ X \to i_*\mathcal{O}_ D \to 0 \]
where $\mathcal{I}$ is the ideal sheaf of $D$ which we can use to compute. Since $R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(\mathcal{O}_ X, \mathcal{O}_ X) = \mathcal{O}_ X$ and $R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(\mathcal{I}, \mathcal{O}_ X) = \mathcal{O}_ X(D)$ by a local computation, we see that
\[ R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(i_*\mathcal{O}_ D, \mathcal{O}_ X) = (\mathcal{O}_ X \to \mathcal{O}_ X(D)) \]
where on the right hand side we have $\mathcal{O}_ X$ in degree $0$ and $\mathcal{O}_ X(D)$ in degree $1$. The result follows from the short exact sequence
\[ 0 \to \mathcal{O}_ X \to \mathcal{O}_ X(D) \to i_*\mathcal{N} \to 0 \]
coming from the fact that $D$ is the zero scheme of the canonical section of $\mathcal{O}_ X(D)$ and from the fact that $\mathcal{N} = i^*\mathcal{O}_ X(D)$. $\square$
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