In the projective case this is [Theorem A.1, BvdB]
Theorem 57.6.3. Let $X$ be a proper scheme over a field $k$. Let $F : D_{perf}(\mathcal{O}_ X)^{opp} \to \text{Vect}_ k$ be a $k$-linear cohomological functor such that for all $E \in D_{perf}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$. Then $F$ is isomorphic to a functor of the form $E \mapsto \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _ X(E, K)$ for some $K \in D^ b_{\textit{Coh}}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$.
Proof.
The derived category $D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ has direct sums, is compactly generated, and $D_{perf}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ is the full subcategory of compact objects, see Derived Categories of Schemes, Lemma 36.3.1, Theorem 36.15.3, and Proposition 36.17.1. By Lemma 57.6.2 we may assume $F(E) = \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _ X(E, K)$ for some $K \in \mathop{\mathrm{Ob}}\nolimits (D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))$. Then it follows that $K$ is in $D^ b_{\textit{Coh}}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ by Lemma 57.5.4.
$\square$
\[ \sum \nolimits _{n \in \mathbf{Z}} \dim _ k F(E[n]) < \infty \]
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