Lemma 3.9.4. Let $S$ be an affine scheme. Let $R = \Gamma (S, \mathcal{O}_ S)$. Then the size of $S$ is equal to $\max \{ \aleph _0, |R|\}$.

Proof. There are at most $\max \{ |R|, \aleph _0\}$ affine opens of $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(R)$. This is clear since any affine open $U \subset \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(R)$ is a finite union of principal opens $D(f_1) \cup \ldots \cup D(f_ n)$ and hence the number of affine opens is at most $\sup _ n |R|^ n = \max \{ |R|, \aleph _0\}$, see [Ch. I, 10.13, Kunen]. On the other hand, we see that $\Gamma (U, \mathcal{O}) \subset R_{f_1} \times \ldots \times R_{f_ n}$ and hence $|\Gamma (U, \mathcal{O})| \leq \max \{ \aleph _0, |R_{f_1}|, \ldots , |R_{f_ n}|\}$. Thus it suffices to prove that $|R_ f| \leq \max \{ \aleph _0, |R|\}$ which is omitted. $\square$

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