Remark 60.13.2 (07J3)—The Stacks project

Remark 60.13.2. In Situation 60.7.5. Let $(U, T, \delta )$ be an object of $\text{Cris}(X/S)$. Write $\Omega _{T/S, \delta } = (\Omega _{X/S})_ T$, see Lemma 60.12.3. We also write $\Omega ^2_{T/S, \delta }$ for its second exterior power. We explicitly describe a second order thickening $T''$ of $T$. Namely, set

\[ \mathcal{O}_{T''} = \mathcal{O}_ T \oplus \Omega _{T/S, \delta } \oplus \Omega _{T/S, \delta } \oplus \Omega ^2_{T/S, \delta } \]

with algebra structure defined in the following way

\[ (f, \omega _1, \omega _2, \eta ) \cdot (f', \omega _1', \omega _2', \eta ') = (ff', f\omega _1' + f'\omega _1, f\omega _2' + f'\omega _2, f\eta ' + f'\eta + \omega _1 \wedge \omega _2' + \omega _1' \wedge \omega _2). \]

Let $\mathcal{J} \subset \mathcal{O}_ T$ be the ideal sheaf of the closed immersion $U \to T$. Let $\mathcal{J}''$ be the inverse image of $\mathcal{J}$ under the projection $\mathcal{O}_{T''} \to \mathcal{O}_ T$. Define a divided power structure on $\mathcal{J}''$ by setting

\[ \delta _ n''(f, \omega _1, \omega _2, \eta ) = (\delta _ n(f), \delta _{n - 1}(f)\omega _1, \delta _{n - 1}(f)\omega _2, \delta _{n - 1}(f)\eta + \delta _{n - 2}(f)\omega _1 \wedge \omega _2) \]

see Lemma 60.3.2. There are three ring maps $q_0, q_1, q_2 : \mathcal{O}_ T \to \mathcal{O}_{T''}$ given by

\begin{align*} q_0(f) & = (f, 0, 0, 0), \\ q_1(f) & = (f, \text{d}f, 0, 0), \\ q_2(f) & = (f, \text{d}f, \text{d}f, 0) \end{align*}

where $\text{d} = \text{d}_{T/S, \delta }$. Note that all three are compatible with the divided power structures on $\mathcal{J}$ and $\mathcal{J}''$. There are three ring maps $q_{01}, q_{12}, q_{02} : \mathcal{O}_{T'} \to \mathcal{O}_{T''}$ where $\mathcal{O}_{T'}$ is as in Remark 60.13.1. Namely, set

\begin{align*} q_{01}(f, \omega ) & = (f, \omega , 0, 0), \\ q_{12}(f, \omega ) & = (f, \text{d}f, \omega , \text{d}\omega ), \\ q_{02}(f, \omega ) & = (f, \omega , \omega , 0) \end{align*}

These are also compatible with the given divided power structures. Let's do the verifications for $q_{12}$: Note that $q_{12}$ is a ring homomorphism as

\begin{align*} q_{12}(f, \omega )q_{12}(g, \eta ) & = (f, \text{d}f, \omega , \text{d}\omega )(g, \text{d}g, \eta , \text{d}\eta ) \\ & = (fg, f\text{d}g + g \text{d}f, f\eta + g\omega , f\text{d}\eta + g\text{d}\omega + \text{d}f \wedge \eta + \text{d}g \wedge \omega ) \\ & = q_{12}(fg, f\eta + g\omega ) = q_{12}((f, \omega )(g, \eta )) \end{align*}

Note that $q_{12}$ is compatible with divided powers because

\begin{align*} \delta _ n''(q_{12}(f, \omega )) & = \delta _ n''((f, \text{d}f, \omega , \text{d}\omega )) \\ & = (\delta _ n(f), \delta _{n - 1}(f)\text{d}f, \delta _{n - 1}(f)\omega , \delta _{n - 1}(f)\text{d}\omega + \delta _{n - 2}(f)\text{d}(f) \wedge \omega ) \\ & = q_{12}((\delta _ n(f), \delta _{n - 1}(f)\omega )) = q_{12}(\delta '_ n(f, \omega )) \end{align*}

The verifications for $q_{01}$ and $q_{02}$ are easier. Note that $q_0 = q_{01} \circ p_0$, $q_1 = q_{01} \circ p_1$, $q_1 = q_{12} \circ p_0$, $q_2 = q_{12} \circ p_1$, $q_0 = q_{02} \circ p_0$, and $q_2 = q_{02} \circ p_1$. Thus $(U, T'', \delta '')$ is an object of $\text{Cris}(X/S)$ and we get morphisms

\[ \xymatrix{ T'' \ar@<2ex>[r] \ar@<0ex>[r] \ar@<-2ex>[r] & T' \ar@<1ex>[r] \ar@<-1ex>[r] & T } \]

of $\text{Cris}(X/S)$ satisfying the relations described above. In applications we will use $q_ i : T'' \to T$ and $q_{ij} : T'' \to T'$ to denote the morphisms associated to the ring maps described above.

Comments (2)

Comment #4219 by Dario Weißmann on May 17, 2019 at 08:48

Typo in the definition of the multiplication: $f \omega_2'+f'\omega_2'$ has too many $'$ s

There is also an issue how the multiplication formula is displayed. It overlaps with the sidebar. Works fine in the pdf version though.

Comment #4399 by Johan on August 30, 2019 at 14:43

Thanks and fixed here.

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