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The Stacks project

6.27 Skyscraper sheaves and stalks

Definition 6.27.1. Let X be a topological space.

  1. Let x \in X be a point. Denote i_ x : \{ x\} \to X the inclusion map. Let A be a set and think of A as a sheaf on the one point space \{ x\} . We call i_{x, *}A the skyscraper sheaf at x with value A.

  2. If in (1) above A is an abelian group then we think of i_{x, *}A as a sheaf of abelian groups on X.

  3. If in (1) above A is an algebraic structure then we think of i_{x, *}A as a sheaf of algebraic structures.

  4. If (X, \mathcal{O}_ X) is a ringed space, then we think of i_ x : \{ x\} \to X as a morphism of ringed spaces (\{ x\} , \mathcal{O}_{X, x}) \to (X, \mathcal{O}_ X) and if A is a \mathcal{O}_{X, x}-module, then we think of i_{x, *}A as a sheaf of \mathcal{O}_ X-modules.

  5. We say a sheaf of sets \mathcal{F} is a skyscraper sheaf if there exists a point x of X and a set A such that \mathcal{F} \cong i_{x, *}A.

  6. We say a sheaf of abelian groups \mathcal{F} is a skyscraper sheaf if there exists a point x of X and an abelian group A such that \mathcal{F} \cong i_{x, *}A as sheaves of abelian groups.

  7. We say a sheaf of algebraic structures \mathcal{F} is a skyscraper sheaf if there exists a point x of X and an algebraic structure A such that \mathcal{F} \cong i_{x, *}A as sheaves of algebraic structures.

  8. If (X, \mathcal{O}_ X) is a ringed space and \mathcal{F} is a sheaf of \mathcal{O}_ X-modules, then we say \mathcal{F} is a skyscraper sheaf if there exists a point x \in X and a \mathcal{O}_{X, x}-module A such that \mathcal{F} \cong i_{x, *}A as sheaves of \mathcal{O}_ X-modules.

Lemma 6.27.2. Let X be a topological space, x \in X a point, and A a set. For any point x' \in X the stalk of the skyscraper sheaf at x with value A at x' is

(i_{x, *}A)_{x'} = \left\{ \begin{matrix} A & \text{if} & x' \in \overline{\{ x\} } \\ \{ *\} & \text{if} & x' \not\in \overline{\{ x\} } \end{matrix} \right.

A similar description holds for the case of abelian groups, algebraic structures and sheaves of modules.

Proof. Omitted. \square

Lemma 6.27.3. Let X be a topological space, and let x \in X a point. The functors \mathcal{F} \mapsto \mathcal{F}_ x and A \mapsto i_{x, *}A are adjoint. In a formula

\mathop{\mathrm{Mor}}\nolimits _{\textit{Sets}}(\mathcal{F}_ x, A) = \mathop{\mathrm{Mor}}\nolimits _{\mathop{\mathit{Sh}}\nolimits (X)}(\mathcal{F}, i_{x, *}A).

A similar statement holds for the case of abelian groups, algebraic structures. In the case of sheaves of modules we have

\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_{X, x}}(\mathcal{F}_ x, A) = \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(\mathcal{F}, i_{x, *}A).

Proof. Omitted. Hint: The stalk functor can be seen as the pullback functor for the morphism i_ x : \{ x\} \to X. Then the adjointness follows from adjointness of i_ x^{-1} and i_{x, *} (resp. i_ x^* and i_{x, *} in the case of sheaves of modules). \square


Comments (1)

Comment #9603 by R.J. on

I wonder what the application of the skyscraper sheaf is in physics. MacLane uses the notation Sky_x(A)(U). I am imagining x is a particle, U is a potential well, and A is an associated potential.


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