Lemma 10.122.10. Let $R \to S$ be a ring map of finite type. Let $\mathfrak p \subset R$ be a minimal prime. Assume that there are at most finitely many primes of $S$ lying over $\mathfrak p$. Then there exists a $g \in R$, $g \not\in \mathfrak p$ such that the ring map $R_ g \to S_ g$ is finite.

Proof. Let $x_1, \ldots , x_ n$ be generators of $S$ over $R$. Since $\mathfrak p$ is a minimal prime we have that $\mathfrak pR_{\mathfrak p}$ is a locally nilpotent ideal, see Lemma 10.25.1. Hence $\mathfrak pS_{\mathfrak p}$ is a locally nilpotent ideal, see Lemma 10.32.3. By assumption the finite type $\kappa (\mathfrak p)$-algebra $S_{\mathfrak p}/\mathfrak pS_{\mathfrak p}$ has finitely many primes. Hence (for example by Lemmas 10.61.3 and 10.115.4) $\kappa (\mathfrak p) \to S_{\mathfrak p}/\mathfrak pS_{\mathfrak p}$ is a finite ring map. Thus we may find monic polynomials $P_ i \in R_{\mathfrak p}[X]$ such that $P_ i(x_ i)$ maps to zero in $S_{\mathfrak p}/\mathfrak pS_{\mathfrak p}$. By what we said above there exist $e_ i \geq 1$ such that $P(x_ i)^{e_ i} = 0$ in $S_{\mathfrak p}$. Let $g_1 \in R$, $g_1 \not\in \mathfrak p$ be an element such that $P_ i$ has coefficients in $R[1/g_1]$ for all $i$. Next, let $g_2 \in R$, $g_2 \not\in \mathfrak p$ be an element such that $P(x_ i)^{e_ i} = 0$ in $S_{g_1g_2}$. Setting $g = g_1g_2$ we win. $\square$

Comment #954 by JuanPablo on

Hi. In this proof noether normalization was used to see that $\kappa(\mathfrak p) \to S_{\mathfrak p}/\mathfrak pS_{\mathfrak p}$ is a finite ring map. From noether normalization I see that the map is finite if and only if $\dim(S_{\mathfrak p}/\mathfrak pS_{\mathfrak p})=0$ but a priori it is not so clear that having finitely many primes implies dimension $0$ (in this case), as there could be proper inclusion among the finite primes.

So maybe there should be a reference to tag 00GQ.

Comment #962 by on

Yes, you are right. I added a couple of fun lemmas on the dimension of rings with finite nrs of primes and then I referred to one of those. See here. Thanks!

Comment #2451 by John Smith on

Typo in the second last line? I assume $P_i$ should be contained in the polynomial(!)-ring over $R[1/g_1]$?

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