The Stacks project

Proof. In the statement of the lemma and in this proof a submodule of a quasi-coherent module $(\mathcal{F}, \alpha )$ is a quasi-coherent submodule $\mathcal{G} \subset \mathcal{F}$ such that $\alpha (t^*\mathcal{G}) = s^*\mathcal{G}$ as subsheaves of $s^*\mathcal{F}$. This makes sense because since $s, t$ are flat the pullbacks $s^*$ and $t^*$ are exact, i.e., preserve subsheaves. The proof will be a repeat of the proof of Properties, Lemma 28.23.3. We urge the reader to read that proof first.

Choose an affine open covering $U = \bigcup _{i \in I} U_ i$. For each pair $i, j$ choose affine open coverings

Write $U_ i = \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(A_ i)$, $U_{ijk} = \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(A_{ijk})$, $W_{ijk} = \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(B_{ijk})$. Let $\kappa$ be any infinite cardinal $\geq$ than the cardinality of any of the sets $I$, $I_{ij}$, $J_{ij}$.

Let $(\mathcal{F}, \alpha )$ be a quasi-coherent module on $(U, R, s, t, c)$. Set $M_ i = \mathcal{F}(U_ i)$, $M_{ijk} = \mathcal{F}(U_{ijk})$. Note that

and that $\alpha$ gives isomorphisms

see Schemes, Lemma 26.7.3. Using the axiom of choice we choose a map

which associates to every $i, j \in I$, $k \in I_{ij}$ or $k \in J_{ij}$ and $m \in M_ i$ a finite subset $S(i, j, k, m) \subset M_ j$ such that we have

in $M_{ijk}$ for some $a_{m'} \in A_{ijk}$ or $b_{m'} \in B_{ijk}$. Moreover, let's agree that $S(i, i, k, m) = \{ m\}$ for all $i, j = i, k, m$ when $k \in I_{ij}$. Fix such a collection $S(i, j, k, m)$

Given a family $\mathcal{S} = (S_ i)_{i \in I}$ of subsets $S_ i \subset M_ i$ of cardinality at most $\kappa$ we set $\mathcal{S}' = (S'_ i)$ where

Note that $S_ i \subset S'_ i$. Note that $S'_ i$ has cardinality at most $\kappa$ because it is a union over a set of cardinality at most $\kappa$ of finite sets. Set $\mathcal{S}^{(0)} = \mathcal{S}$, $\mathcal{S}^{(1)} = \mathcal{S}'$ and by induction $\mathcal{S}^{(n + 1)} = (\mathcal{S}^{(n)})'$. Then set $\mathcal{S}^{(\infty )} = \bigcup _{n \geq 0} \mathcal{S}^{(n)}$. Writing $\mathcal{S}^{(\infty )} = (S^{(\infty )}_ i)$ we see that for any element $m \in S^{(\infty )}_ i$ the image of $m$ in $M_{ijk}$ can be written as a finite sum $\sum m' \otimes a_{m'}$ with $m' \in S_ j^{(\infty )}$. In this way we see that setting

we have

as submodules of $M_{ijk}$ or $M_ j \otimes _{A_ j, s} B_{ijk}$. Thus there exists a quasi-coherent submodule $\mathcal{G} \subset \mathcal{F}$ with $\mathcal{G}(U_ i) = N_ i$ such that $\alpha (t^*\mathcal{G}) = s^*\mathcal{G}$ as submodules of $s^*\mathcal{F}$. In other words, $(\mathcal{G}, \alpha |_{t^*\mathcal{G}})$ is a submodule of $(\mathcal{F}, \alpha )$. Moreover, by construction $\mathcal{G}$ is $\kappa$-generated.

Let $\{ (\mathcal{G}_ t, \alpha _ t)\} _{t \in T}$ be the set of $\kappa$-generated quasi-coherent submodules of $(\mathcal{F}, \alpha )$. If $t, t' \in T$ then $\mathcal{G}_ t + \mathcal{G}_{t'}$ is also a $\kappa$-generated quasi-coherent submodule as it is the image of the map $\mathcal{G}_ t \oplus \mathcal{G}_{t'} \to \mathcal{F}$. Hence the system (ordered by inclusion) is directed. The arguments above show that every section of $\mathcal{F}$ over $U_ i$ is in one of the $\mathcal{G}_ t$ (because we can start with $\mathcal{S}$ such that the given section is an element of $S_ i$). Hence $\mathop{\mathrm{colim}}\nolimits _ t \mathcal{G}_ t \to \mathcal{F}$ is both injective and surjective as desired. $\square$