Lemma 33.35.3. Let $k$ be an infinite field. Let $n \geq 1$. Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a coherent module on $\mathbf{P}^ n_ k$. Then there exist a nonzero section $s \in \Gamma (\mathbf{P}^ n_ k, \mathcal{O}(1))$ and a short exact sequence

$0 \to \mathcal{F}(-1) \to \mathcal{F} \to i_*\mathcal{G} \to 0$

where $i : H \to \mathbf{P}^ n_ k$ is the hyperplane $H$ associated to $s$ and $\mathcal{G} = i^*\mathcal{F}$.

Proof. The map $\mathcal{F}(-1) \to \mathcal{F}$ comes from Constructions, Equation (27.10.1.2) with $n = 1$, $m = -1$ and the section $s$ of $\mathcal{O}(1)$. Let's work out what this map looks like if we restrict it to $D_{+}(T_0)$. Write $D_{+}(T_0) = \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(k[x_1, \ldots , x_ n])$ with $x_ i = T_ i/T_0$. Identify $\mathcal{O}(1)|_{D_{+}(T_0)}$ with $\mathcal{O}$ using the section $T_0$. Hence if $s = \sum a_ iT_ i$ then $s|_{D_{+}(T_0)} = a_0 + \sum a_ ix_ i$ with the identification chosen above. Furthermore, suppose $\mathcal{F}|_{D_{+}(T_0)}$ corresponds to the finite $k[x_1, \ldots , x_ n]$-module $M$. Via the identification $\mathcal{F}(-1) = \mathcal{F} \otimes \mathcal{O}(-1)$ and our chosen trivialization of $\mathcal{O}(1)$ we see that $\mathcal{F}(-1)$ corresponds to $M$ as well. Thus restricting $\mathcal{F}(-1) \to \mathcal{F}$ to $D_{+}(T_0)$ gives the map

$M \xrightarrow {a_0 + \sum a_ ix_ i} M$

To see that the arrow is injective, it suffices to pick $a_0 + \sum a_ ix_ i$ outside any of the associated primes of $M$, see Algebra, Lemma 10.63.9. By Algebra, Lemma 10.63.5 the set $\text{Ass}(M)$ of associated primes of $M$ is finite. Note that for $\mathfrak p \in \text{Ass}(M)$ the intersection $\mathfrak p \cap \{ a_0 + \sum a_ i x_ i\}$ is a proper $k$-subvector space. We conclude that there is a finite family of proper sub vector spaces $V_1, \ldots , V_ m \subset \Gamma (\mathbf{P}^ n_ k, \mathcal{O}(1))$ such that if we take $s$ outside of $\bigcup V_ i$, then multiplication by $s$ is injective over $D_{+}(T_0)$. Similarly for the restriction to $D_{+}(T_ j)$ for $j = 1, \ldots , n$. Since $k$ is infinite, a finite union of proper sub vector spaces is never equal to the whole space, hence we may choose $s$ such that the map is injective. The cokernel of $\mathcal{F}(-1) \to \mathcal{F}$ is annihilated by $\mathop{\mathrm{Im}}(s : \mathcal{O}(-1) \to \mathcal{O})$ which is the ideal sheaf of $H$ by Divisors, Definition 31.14.8. Hence we obtain $\mathcal{G}$ on $H$ using Cohomology of Schemes, Lemma 30.9.8. $\square$

Comment #7943 by Nico on

Tiny typo. Where it says "the intersection $\mathfrak{p}\cap\{a_0+\sum a_ix_i\}$ is a proper $k$-subvector space", the set $\{a_0+\sum a_ix_i\}$ should be replaced by its span.

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