Lemma 10.133.3. Let $R \to S$ be a ring map. Let $M$ be an $S$-module. Let $k \geq 0$. There exists an $S$-module $P^ k_{S/R}(M)$ and a canonical isomorphism
functorial in the $S$-module $N$.
Proof. The existence of $P^ k_{S/R}(M)$ follows from general category theoretic arguments (insert future reference here), but we will also give a construction. Set $F = \bigoplus _{m \in M} S[m]$ where $[m]$ is a symbol indicating the basis element in the summand corresponding to $m$. Given any differential operator $D : M \to N$ we obtain an $S$-linear map $L_ D : F \to N$ sending $[m]$ to $D(m)$. If $D$ has order $0$, then $L_ D$ annihilates the elements
where $g_0 \in S$ and $m, m' \in M$. If $D$ has order $1$, then $L_ D$ annihilates the elements
where $f \in R$, $g_0, g_1 \in S$, and $m \in M$. If $D$ has order $k$, then $L_ D$ annihilates the elements $[m + m'] - [m] - [m']$, $f[m] - [fm]$, and the elements
Conversely, if $L : F \to N$ is an $S$-linear map annihilating all the elements listed in the previous sentence, then $m \mapsto L([m])$ is a differential operator of order $k$. Thus we see that $P^ k_{S/R}(M)$ is the quotient of $F$ by the submodule generated by these elements. $\square$
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