Lemma 100.34.1. Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a property of morphisms of algebraic spaces which is étale-smooth local on the source-and-target. Let $f : \mathcal{X} \to \mathcal{Y}$ be a DM morphism of algebraic stacks. Consider commutative diagrams

$\xymatrix{ U \ar[d]_ a \ar[r]_ h & V \ar[d]^ b \\ \mathcal{X} \ar[r]^ f & \mathcal{Y} }$

where $U$ and $V$ are algebraic spaces, $V \to \mathcal{Y}$ is smooth, and $U \to \mathcal{X} \times _\mathcal {Y} V$ is étale. The following are equivalent

1. for any diagram as above the morphism $h$ has property $\mathcal{P}$, and

2. for some diagram as above with $a : U \to \mathcal{X}$ surjective the morphism $h$ has property $\mathcal{P}$.

If $\mathcal{X}$ and $\mathcal{Y}$ are representable by algebraic spaces, then this is also equivalent to $f$ (as a morphism of algebraic spaces) having property $\mathcal{P}$. If $\mathcal{P}$ is also preserved under any base change, and fppf local on the base, then for morphisms $f$ which are representable by algebraic spaces this is also equivalent to $f$ having property $\mathcal{P}$ in the sense of Properties of Stacks, Section 99.3.

Proof. Let us prove the implication (1) $\Rightarrow$ (2). Pick an algebraic space $V$ and a surjective and smooth morphism $V \to \mathcal{Y}$. As $f$ is DM there exists a scheme $U$ and a surjective étale morphism $U \to V \times _\mathcal {Y} \mathcal{X}$, see Lemma 100.21.7. Thus we see that (2) holds. Note that $U \to \mathcal{X}$ is surjective and smooth as well, as a composition of the base change $\mathcal{X} \times _\mathcal {Y} V \to \mathcal{X}$ and the chosen map $U \to \mathcal{X} \times _\mathcal {Y} V$. Hence we obtain a diagram as in (1). Thus if (1) holds, then $h : U \to V$ has property $\mathcal{P}$, which means that (2) holds as $U \to \mathcal{X}$ is surjective.

Conversely, assume (2) holds and let $U, V, a, b, h$ be as in (2). Next, let $U', V', a', b', h'$ be any diagram as in (1). Picture

$\xymatrix{ U \ar[d] \ar[r]_ h & V \ar[d] \\ \mathcal{X} \ar[r]^ f & \mathcal{Y} } \quad \quad \xymatrix{ U' \ar[d] \ar[r]_{h'} & V' \ar[d] \\ \mathcal{X} \ar[r]^ f & \mathcal{Y} }$

To show that (2) implies (1) we have to prove that $h'$ has $\mathcal{P}$. To do this consider the commutative diagram

$\xymatrix{ U \ar[d]^ h & U \times _\mathcal {X} U' \ar[l] \ar[d]^{(h, h')} \ar[r] & U' \ar[d]^{h'} \\ V & V \times _\mathcal {Y} V' \ar[l] \ar[r] & V' }$

of algebraic spaces. Note that the horizontal arrows are smooth as base changes of the smooth morphisms $V \to \mathcal{Y}$, $V' \to \mathcal{Y}$, $U \to \mathcal{X}$, and $U' \to \mathcal{X}$. Note that the squares

$\xymatrix{ U \ar[d] & U \times _\mathcal {X} U' \ar[l] \ar[d] & U \times _\mathcal {X} U' \ar[d] \ar[r] & U' \ar[d] \\ V \times _\mathcal {Y} \mathcal{X} & V \times _\mathcal {Y} U' \ar[l] & U \times _\mathcal {Y} V' \ar[r] & \mathcal{X} \times _\mathcal {Y} V' }$

are cartesian, hence the vertical arrows are étale by our assumptions on $U', V', a', b', h'$ and $U, V, a, b, h$. Since $\mathcal{P}$ is smooth local on the target by Descent on Spaces, Lemma 73.21.2 part (2) we see that the base change $t : U \times _\mathcal {Y} V' \to V \times _\mathcal {Y} V'$ of $h$ has $\mathcal{P}$. Since $\mathcal{P}$ is étale local on the source by Descent on Spaces, Lemma 73.21.2 part (1) and $s : U \times _\mathcal {X} U' \to U \times _\mathcal {Y} V'$ is étale, we see the morphism $(h, h') = t \circ s$ has $\mathcal{P}$. Consider the diagram

$\xymatrix{ U \times _\mathcal {X} U' \ar[r]_{(h, h')} \ar[d] & V \times _\mathcal {Y} V' \ar[d] \\ U' \ar[r]^{h'} & V' }$

The left vertical arrow is surjective, the right vertical arrow is smooth, and the induced morphism

$U \times _\mathcal {X} U' \longrightarrow U' \times _{V'} (V \times _\mathcal {Y} V') = V \times _\mathcal {Y} U'$

is étale as seen above. Hence by Descent on Spaces, Definition 73.21.1 part (3) we conclude that $h'$ has $\mathcal{P}$. This finishes the proof of the equivalence of (1) and (2).

If $\mathcal{X}$ and $\mathcal{Y}$ are representable, then Descent on Spaces, Lemma 73.21.3 applies which shows that (1) and (2) are equivalent to $f$ having $\mathcal{P}$.

Finally, suppose $f$ is representable, and $U, V, a, b, h$ are as in part (2) of the lemma, and that $\mathcal{P}$ is preserved under arbitrary base change. We have to show that for any scheme $Z$ and morphism $Z \to \mathcal{X}$ the base change $Z \times _\mathcal {Y} \mathcal{X} \to Z$ has property $\mathcal{P}$. Consider the diagram

$\xymatrix{ Z \times _\mathcal {Y} U \ar[d] \ar[r] & Z \times _\mathcal {Y} V \ar[d] \\ Z \times _\mathcal {Y} \mathcal{X} \ar[r] & Z }$

Note that the top horizontal arrow is a base change of $h$ and hence has property $\mathcal{P}$. The left vertical arrow is surjective, the induced morphism

$Z \times _\mathcal {Y} U \longrightarrow (Z \times _\mathcal {Y} \mathcal{X}) \times _ Z (Z \times _\mathcal {Y} V)$

is étale, and the right vertical arrow is smooth. Thus Descent on Spaces, Lemma 73.21.3 kicks in and shows that $Z \times _\mathcal {Y} \mathcal{X} \to Z$ has property $\mathcal{P}$. $\square$

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