The Stacks project

Lemma 10.126.6. Let $\varphi : R \to S$ be a ring map. Let $\mathfrak q \subset S$ be a prime lying over $\mathfrak p \subset R$. Assume

  1. $S$ is of finite presentation over $R$,

  2. $\varphi $ induces an isomorphism $R_\mathfrak p \cong S_\mathfrak q$.

Then there exist $f \in R$, $f \not\in \mathfrak p$ and an $R_ f$-algebra $C$ such that $S_ f \cong R_ f \times C$ as $R_ f$-algebras.

Proof. Write $S = R[x_1, \ldots , x_ n]/(g_1, \ldots , g_ m)$. Let $a_ i \in R_\mathfrak p$ be an element mapping to the image of $x_ i$ in $S_\mathfrak q$. Write $a_ i = b_ i/f$ for some $f \in R$, $f \not\in \mathfrak p$. After replacing $R$ by $R_ f$ and $x_ i$ by $x_ i - a_ i$ we may assume that $S = R[x_1, \ldots , x_ n]/(g_1, \ldots , g_ m)$ such that $x_ i$ maps to zero in $S_\mathfrak q$. Then if $c_ j$ denotes the constant term of $g_ j$ we conclude that $c_ j$ maps to zero in $R_\mathfrak p$. After another replacement of $R$ we may assume that the constant coefficients $c_ j$ of the $g_ j$ are zero. Thus we obtain an $R$-algebra map $S \to R$, $x_ i \mapsto 0$ whose kernel is the ideal $(x_1, \ldots , x_ n)$.

We have the isomorphisms $R_\mathfrak p \to S_\mathfrak q \to R_\mathfrak p$ and $S \to R$ sends $x_ i$ to zero. Thus we must have $S_\mathfrak q = R_\mathfrak p[x_1, \ldots , x_ n]/(x_1, \ldots , x_ n)$ and a fortiori $S_\mathfrak q = S_\mathfrak p/(x_1, \ldots , x_ n)S_\mathfrak p$. This means that the finitely generated ideal $(x_1, \ldots , x_ n)S_\mathfrak p$ is pure in $S_\mathfrak p$, see Definition 10.108.1. Hence $(x_1, \ldots , x_ n)S_\mathfrak p$ is generated by an idempotent $e$ in $S_\mathfrak p$ by Lemma 10.108.5. After replacing $R \to S$ by $R_ f \to S_ f$ for some $f \in R$, $f \not\in \mathfrak p$ we can find an idempotent $e' \in S$ mapping to $e$. Then $e'S$ and $(x_1, \ldots , x_ n)S$ are finitely generated ideals which become equal in $S_\mathfrak p$. Hence after replacing $R \to S$ by $R_ f \to S_ f$ for some $f \in R$, $f \not\in \mathfrak p$ we may assume $e'S = (x_1, \ldots , x_ n)S$. Setting $C = e'S$ finishes the proof. $\square$


Comments (6)

Comment #251 by Roland Paulin on

Hi!

I think this Lemma (Tag 00QR) is false. The proof says we can assume that is surjective. This seems to be a mistake. Here is a counterexample: Let be any local ring with maximal ideal . Let and . Let and . Then is of finite presentation, , and is an isomorphism. However if , then , hence the map is just , which is not an isomorphism (it is injective, but not surjective!).

The statement of the lemma is a bit peculiar, because it seems that could be omitted: we could just assume that is of finite presentation. I wonder, maybe the conditions were intended to say finite -module / finitely presented -module instead of -algebra of finite type / of finite presentation?

Roland

Comment #252 by on

Woops! Yes, that is completely wrong! And indeed the formulation was suspiciously confusing. I've now changed the statement (and the proof) to something more true (hopefully). This will be online above in about 5 minutes. For those of you who want to see the wrong statement and wrong proof take a look at the red text in the commit.

This also means you win the last Stacks project T-shirt!

Comment #3252 by Dario Weißmann on

Typos: 'Then if denotes the constant term of we conclude that ...' The should be .

should be .

Comment #8315 by Et on

Could more details be added to the proof? I've spent some time on the second paragraph and I cannot understand most of the justifications there. Particularly, I don't see why the two asserted tensor products are equal, why the map between vector spaces is surjective, and why the expressions you find for the x_i imply the ideal (x_1,...x_n) is idempotent.

Comment #8936 by on

I replaced the argument in the second paragraph by one which uses no equations. I hope it is easier to parse. Thanks. Changes are here.

There are also:

  • 3 comment(s) on Section 10.126: Algebras and modules of finite presentation

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