The Stacks project

Try to use L/K notation for field extensions

We could also try to consistenly use "field extension" and not just
"extension" and consistently use "ring extension", etc.

Improve chapter on decent spaces

	A collection of things: get rid of the very reasonable material.
	This is possible because we can now prove everything for
	reasoble spaces which was previously only proved for very
	reasonable spaces.

Improve chapter on decent spaces

	A collection of things: get rid of the very reasonable material.
	This is possible because we can now prove everything for
	reasoble spaces which was previously only proved for very
	reasonable spaces.

LaTeX: \Sch

	Introduced a new macro

	\def\Sch{\textit{Sch}}

	and replaced all the occurences of \textit{Sch} with \Sch.

LaTeX: \Spec

	Introduced the macro

	\def\Spec{\mathop{\rm Spec}}

	and changed all the occurences of \text{Spec} into \Spec.

Fix ordering of material in decent-spaces.tex

	This also means we're now down with the basic reorganization of
	the material in algebraic spaces. What is a bit unsatisfactory
	is that some basic material on lifting specializations is only
	done in the chapter on decent spaces and hence cannot be used
	(even for quasi-separated algebraic spaces) until after this
	chapter.

	Especially, the lemma on lifting specializations from an
	algebraic space to an etale cover should be formulated and
	proved for quasi-separated spaces (it should be as short a proof
	as possible).

Decent Algebraic Spaces

	Created a new chapter "Decent Algebraic Spaces" and moved most
	of the material on local conditions of algebraic spaces in
	there. In the next few commits we will fix the breakage that this
	causes.

	The reason for the move is that this material is difficult to
	understand for the beginner and that most of the other material
	in Properties of Spaces and Morphisms of Spaces is easier and
	more analogous to what happens for schemes.

	An added advantage is that we can use results on morphisms of
	algebraic spaces in the new chapter, hence it becomes easier to
	develop the theory of decent spaces.

End conversion of etale to \'etale.

Terminology changes:
	"reasonable" ---> "very reasonable"
	"almost reasonable" ---> "reasonable"

	David Rydh suggested this change since the notion of being (what
	is now called) very reasonable is not a particularly good
	notion. On the other hand the notion of being (what is now
	called) reasonable behaves quite well in various situations, and
	it seems hard to envision results that use the assumption of
	being very reasonable that do not hold for reasonable spaces.

	Still, currently there are still some results of this form, so
	we need to keep the notion "very reasonable" around (of course
	we will always keep it around for the sake of referencing, but
	in the future we may delegate it to a forgotten corner).

	TODO (soon): Introduce decent spaces. These will be
	characterized by having property (gamma).

Terminology changes:
	"reasonable" ---> "very reasonable"
	"almost reasonable" ---> "reasonable"

	David Rydh suggested this change since the notion of being (what
	is now called) very reasonable is not a particularly good
	notion. On the other hand the notion of being (what is now
	called) reasonable behaves quite well in various situations, and
	it seems hard to envision results that use the assumption of
	being very reasonable that do not hold for reasonable spaces.

	Still, currently there are still some results of this form, so
	we need to keep the notion "very reasonable" around (of course
	we will always keep it around for the sake of referencing, but
	in the future we may delegate it to a forgotten corner).

	TODO (soon): Introduce decent spaces. These will be
	characterized by having property (gamma).

Properties of Spaces: Split out arguments on points of spaces

	The purpose of this commit is to work out in more detail the
	arguments that lead to the result that a reasonable algebraic
	space X has a sober space of points |X|.

	In this reworking we discover the notion of an ``almost
	reasonable space''. An algebraic space X is almost reasonable if
	for every affine scheme U and etale morphism U --> X the fibres
	of U --> X are universally bounded.

	Later we will encouter the following question: Suppose given a
	fibre square diagram

		X' --> X
		|      |
		v      V
		V' --> V

	with V' --> V a surjective etale morphism of affine schemes,
	such that X' is reasonable. Is X reasonable? If you know how to
	(dis)prove this then please email stacks.project@gmail.com

	Anyway, the corresponding result for ``almost reasonable''
	spaces is easy. Moreover, an almost reasonable space is a
	colimit of quasi-separated algebraic spaces.

	But on the other hand, we do not know how to prove that an
	almost reasonable space X has an open dense subspace which is a
	scheme, nor do we know how to prove that |X| is sober.

Properties of Spaces: Split out arguments on points of spaces

	The purpose of this commit is to work out in more detail the
	arguments that lead to the result that a reasonable algebraic
	space X has a sober space of points |X|.

	In this reworking we discover the notion of an ``almost
	reasonable space''. An algebraic space X is almost reasonable if
	for every affine scheme U and etale morphism U --> X the fibres
	of U --> X are universally bounded.

	Later we will encouter the following question: Suppose given a
	fibre square diagram

		X' --> X
		|      |
		v      V
		V' --> V

	with V' --> V a surjective etale morphism of affine schemes,
	such that X' is reasonable. Is X reasonable? If you know how to
	(dis)prove this then please email stacks.project@gmail.com

	Anyway, the corresponding result for ``almost reasonable''
	spaces is easy. Moreover, an almost reasonable space is a
	colimit of quasi-separated algebraic spaces.

	But on the other hand, we do not know how to prove that an
	almost reasonable space X has an open dense subspace which is a
	scheme, nor do we know how to prove that |X| is sober.

Tags: New tags added and two fixed

Properties of Spaces: Cleanup of results so far

	We added a remark recalling some of the pertinent facts about
	etale morphisms of schemes in the section on points of
	reasonable algebraic spaces. Then we use this to shorten the
	proofs of the lemmas in that section. We added a lemma saying
	that a reasonable algebraic space covered by the spectrum of a
	field is the spectrum of a field. Finally, we changed the lemma
	stating that the topological space associated to a reasonable
	space is sober into stating that it is Kolmogorov. The proof was
	incorrect, and it will require considerably more work to prove
	this.