Lemma 35.32.5. Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a property of morphisms of schemes which is étale local on source-and-target. Let $f : X \to Y$ be a morphism of schemes. The following are equivalent:
$f$ has property $\mathcal{P}$,
for every $x \in X$ there exists an étale morphism of germs $a : (U, u) \to (X, x)$, an étale morphism $b : V \to Y$, and a morphism $h : U \to V$ such that $f \circ a = b \circ h$ and $h$ has $\mathcal{P}$,
for any commutative diagram
\[ \xymatrix{ U \ar[d]_ a \ar[r]_ h & V \ar[d]^ b \\ X \ar[r]^ f & Y } \]with $a$, $b$ étale the morphism $h$ has $\mathcal{P}$,
for some diagram as in (c) with $a : U \to X$ surjective $h$ has $\mathcal{P}$,
there exists an étale covering $\{ Y_ i \to Y\} _{i \in I}$ such that each base change $Y_ i \times _ Y X \to Y_ i$ has $\mathcal{P}$,
there exists an étale covering $\{ X_ i \to X\} _{i \in I}$ such that each composition $X_ i \to Y$ has $\mathcal{P}$,
there exists an étale covering $\{ Y_ i \to Y\} _{i \in I}$ and for each $i \in I$ an étale covering $\{ X_{ij} \to Y_ i \times _ Y X\} _{j \in J_ i}$ such that each morphism $X_{ij} \to Y_ i$ has $\mathcal{P}$.
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