Lemma 10.35.24. Let $R$ be a ring. Let $x, y \in R$ be nonzerodivisors. Let $R[x/y] \subset R_{xy}$ be the $R$-subalgebra generated by $x/y$, and similarly for the subalgebras $R[y/x]$ and $R[x/y, y/x]$. If $R$ is integrally closed in $R_ x$ or $R_ y$, then the sequence

$0 \to R \xrightarrow {(-1, 1)} R[x/y] \oplus R[y/x] \xrightarrow {(1, 1)} R[x/y, y/x] \to 0$

is a short exact sequence of $R$-modules.

Proof. Since $x/y \cdot y/x = 1$ it is clear that the map $R[x/y] \oplus R[y/x] \to R[x/y, y/x]$ is surjective. Let $\alpha \in R[x/y] \cap R[y/x]$. To show exactness in the middle we have to prove that $\alpha \in R$. By assumption we may write

$\alpha = a_0 + a_1 x/y + \ldots + a_ n (x/y)^ n = b_0 + b_1 y/x + \ldots + b_ m(y/x)^ m$

for some $n, m \geq 0$ and $a_ i, b_ j \in R$. Pick some $N > \max (n, m)$. Consider the finite $R$-submodule $M$ of $R_{xy}$ generated by the elements

$(x/y)^ N, (x/y)^{N - 1}, \ldots , x/y, 1, y/x, \ldots , (y/x)^{N - 1}, (y/x)^ N$

We claim that $\alpha M \subset M$. Namely, it is clear that $(x/y)^ i (b_0 + b_1 y/x + \ldots + b_ m(y/x)^ m) \in M$ for $0 \leq i \leq N$ and that $(y/x)^ i (a_0 + a_1 x/y + \ldots + a_ n(x/y)^ n) \in M$ for $0 \leq i \leq N$. Hence $\alpha$ is integral over $R$ by Lemma 10.35.2. Note that $\alpha \in R_ x$, so if $R$ is integrally closed in $R_ x$ then $\alpha \in R$ as desired. $\square$

Comment #5426 by minsom on

May I ask you what are (-1,1) , (1,1) maps?

Comment #5654 by on

These are just the canonical maps multiplied by a sign.

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