Lemma 12.6.4. Let $\mathcal{A}$ be an abelian category. Let $0 \to M_1 \to M_2 \to M_3 \to 0$ be a short exact sequence in $\mathcal{A}$.

1. There is a canonical six term exact sequence of abelian groups

$\xymatrix{ 0 \ar[r] & \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(M_3, N) \ar[r] & \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(M_2, N) \ar[r] & \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(M_1, N) \ar[lld] \\ & \mathop{\mathrm{Ext}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(M_3, N) \ar[r] & \mathop{\mathrm{Ext}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(M_2, N) \ar[r] & \mathop{\mathrm{Ext}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(M_1, N) }$

for all objects $N$ of $\mathcal{A}$, and

2. there is a canonical six term exact sequence of abelian groups

$\xymatrix{ 0 \ar[r] & \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(N, M_1) \ar[r] & \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(N, M_2) \ar[r] & \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(N, M_3) \ar[lld] \\ & \mathop{\mathrm{Ext}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(N, M_1) \ar[r] & \mathop{\mathrm{Ext}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(N, M_2) \ar[r] & \mathop{\mathrm{Ext}}\nolimits _\mathcal {A}(N, M_3) }$

for all objects $N$ of $\mathcal{A}$.

Proof. Omitted. Hint: The boundary maps are defined using either the pushout or pullback of the given short exact sequence. $\square$

Comment #737 by Anfang Zhou on

Typo. In the right-hand column of the last diagram, it should be $M_3$.

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