Lemma 13.6.10. Let $\mathcal{D}$ be a triangulated category. The operations described above have the following properties
$S(\mathcal{B}(S))$ is the “saturation” of $S$, i.e., it is the smallest saturated multiplicative system in $\mathcal{D}$ containing $S$, and
$\mathcal{B}(S(\mathcal{B}))$ is the “saturation” of $\mathcal{B}$, i.e., it is the smallest strictly full saturated triangulated subcategory of $\mathcal{D}$ containing $\mathcal{B}$.
In particular, the constructions define mutually inverse maps between the (partially ordered) set of saturated multiplicative systems in $\mathcal{D}$ compatible with the triangulated structure on $\mathcal{D}$ and the (partially ordered) set of strictly full saturated triangulated subcategories of $\mathcal{D}$.
Proof.
First, let's start with a full triangulated subcategory $\mathcal{B}$. Then $\mathcal{B}(S(\mathcal{B})) = \mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(Q : \mathcal{D} \to \mathcal{D}/\mathcal{B})$ and hence (2) is the content of Lemma 13.6.9.
Next, suppose that $S$ is multiplicative system in $\mathcal{D}$ compatible with the triangulation on $\mathcal{D}$. Then $\mathcal{B}(S) = \mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(Q : \mathcal{D} \to S^{-1}\mathcal{D})$. Hence (using Lemma 13.4.9 in the localized category)
\begin{align*} S(\mathcal{B}(S)) & = \left\{ \begin{matrix} f \in \text{Arrows}(\mathcal{D}) \text{ such that there exists a distinguished}
\\ \text{triangle }(X, Y, Z, f, g, h) \text{ of }\mathcal{D}\text{ with }Q(Z) = 0
\end{matrix} \right\} \\ & = \{ f \in \text{Arrows}(\mathcal{D}) \mid Q(f)\text{ is an isomorphism}\} \\ & = \hat S = S' \end{align*}
in the notation of Categories, Lemma 4.27.21. The final statement of that lemma finishes the proof.
$\square$
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