# The Stacks Project

## Tag 05YT

Lemma 10.141.11. Consider a commutative diagram $$\xymatrix{ 0 \ar[r] & J \ar[r] & B' \ar[r] & B \ar[r] & 0 \\ 0 \ar[r] & I \ar[r] \ar[u] & A' \ar[r] \ar[u] & A \ar[r] \ar[u] & 0 }$$ with exact rows where $B' \to B$ and $A' \to A$ are surjective ring maps whose kernels are ideals of square zero. If $A \to B$ is étale, and $J = I \otimes_A B$, then $A' \to B'$ is étale.

Proof. By Lemma 10.141.10 there exists an étale ring map $A' \to C$ such that $C/IC = B$. Then $A' \to C$ is formally smooth (by Proposition 10.136.13) hence we get an $A'$-algebra map $\varphi : C \to B'$. Since $A' \to C$ is flat we have $I \otimes_A B = I \otimes_A C/IC = IC$. Hence the assumption that $J = I \otimes_A B$ implies that $\varphi$ induces an isomorphism $IC \to J$ and an isomorphism $C/IC \to B'/IB'$, whence $\varphi$ is an isomorphism. $\square$

The code snippet corresponding to this tag is a part of the file algebra.tex and is located in lines 37519–37537 (see updates for more information).

\begin{lemma}
\label{lemma-lift-etale-infinitesimal}
Consider a commutative diagram
$$\xymatrix{ 0 \ar[r] & J \ar[r] & B' \ar[r] & B \ar[r] & 0 \\ 0 \ar[r] & I \ar[r] \ar[u] & A' \ar[r] \ar[u] & A \ar[r] \ar[u] & 0 }$$
with exact rows where $B' \to B$ and $A' \to A$ are surjective ring maps
whose kernels are ideals of square zero. If $A \to B$ is \'etale,
and $J = I \otimes_A B$, then $A' \to B'$ is \'etale.
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}
By
Lemma \ref{lemma-lift-etale}
there exists an \'etale ring map $A' \to C$ such that $C/IC = B$.
Then $A' \to C$ is formally smooth (by
Proposition \ref{proposition-smooth-formally-smooth})
hence we get an $A'$-algebra map $\varphi : C \to B'$.
Since $A' \to C$ is flat we have $I \otimes_A B = I \otimes_A C/IC = IC$.
Hence the assumption that $J = I \otimes_A B$ implies that
$\varphi$ induces an isomorphism $IC \to J$ and an isomorphism
$C/IC \to B'/IB'$, whence $\varphi$ is an isomorphism.
\end{proof}

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