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The Stacks project

Lemma 15.74.3. Let M be a module over a ring R. The following are equivalent

  1. M is a perfect module, and

  2. there exists a resolution

    0 \to F_ d \to \ldots \to F_1 \to F_0 \to M \to 0

    with each F_ i a finite projective R-module.

Proof. Assume (2). Then the complex E^\bullet with E^{-i} = F_ i is quasi-isomorphic to M[0]. Hence M is perfect. Conversely, assume (1). By Lemmas 15.74.2 and 15.64.4 we can find resolution E^\bullet \to M with E^{-i} a finite free R-module. By Lemma 15.66.2 we see that F_ d = \mathop{\mathrm{Coker}}(E^{d - 1} \to E^ d) is flat for some d sufficiently large. By Algebra, Lemma 10.78.2 we see that F_ d is finite projective. Hence

0 \to F_ d \to E^{-d+1} \to \ldots \to E^0 \to M \to 0

is the desired resolution. \square


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