The Stacks project

Proof. Proof of (1), (2), and (3). Choose an algebraic space $U$ and a surjective smooth morphism $U \to \mathcal{X}$. Then $G = U \times _\mathcal {X} \mathcal{I}_{\mathcal{X}/\mathcal{Y}}$ is an algebraic space over $U$ (Lemma 100.5.1). In fact, $G$ is a group algebraic space over $U$ by the group law on relative inertia constructed in Remark 100.5.2. Moreover, $G \to \mathcal{I}_{\mathcal{X}/\mathcal{Y}}$ is surjective and smooth as a base change of $U \to \mathcal{X}$. Finally, the base change of $e : \mathcal{X} \to \mathcal{I}_{\mathcal{X}/\mathcal{Y}}$ by $G \to \mathcal{I}_{\mathcal{X}/\mathcal{Y}}$ is the identity $U \to G$ of $G/U$. Thus the equivalence of (a) and (c) follows from Groupoids in Spaces, Lemma 77.6.1. Since $\Delta _{f, 2}$ is the diagonal of $\Delta _ f$ we have (b) $\Leftrightarrow $ (c) by definition.

Proof of (4) and (5). Recall that (4)(b) means $\Delta _ f$ is unramified and (5)(b) means that $\Delta _ f$ is locally quasi-finite. Choose a scheme $Z$ and a morphism $a : Z \to \mathcal{X} \times _\mathcal {Y} \mathcal{X}$. Then $a = (x_1, x_2, \alpha )$ where $x_ i : Z \to \mathcal{X}$ and $\alpha : f \circ x_1 \to f \circ x_2$ is a $2$-morphism. Recall that

are cartesian squares. By Lemma 100.5.4 the algebraic space $\mathit{Isom}_{\mathcal{X}/\mathcal{Y}}^\alpha (x_1, x_2)$ is a pseudo torsor for $\mathit{Isom}_{\mathcal{X}/\mathcal{Y}}(x_2, x_2)$ over $Z$. Thus the equivalences in (4) and (5) follow from Groupoids in Spaces, Lemma 77.9.5. $\square$