This is [Theorem 4.4, Hall-coherent]

Lemma 97.22.2. Let $S$ be a locally Noetherian scheme. Let $\mathcal{X}$ be a category fibred in groupoids over $(\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}$. Assume

1. $\Delta : \mathcal{X} \to \mathcal{X} \times \mathcal{X}$ is representable by algebraic spaces,

2. $\mathcal{X}$ has (RS*),

3. $\mathcal{X}$ is limit preserving,

4. there exists an obstruction theory1,

5. for an object $x$ of $\mathcal{X}$ over $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(A)$ and $A$-modules $M_ n$, $n \geq 1$ we have

1. $T_ x(\prod M_ n) = \prod T_ x(M_ n)$,

2. $\mathcal{O}_ x(\prod M_ n) \to \prod \mathcal{O}_ x(M_ n)$ is injective.

Then $\mathcal{X}$ satisfies openness of versality.

Proof. We prove this by verifying condition (4) of Lemma 97.20.3. Let $(\xi _ n)$ and $(R_ n)$ be as in Remark 97.20.2 such that $\mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(R_ m \to R_ n)$ is an ideal of square zero for all $m \geq n$. Set $A = R_1$ and $x = \xi _1$. Denote $M_ n = \mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(R_ n \to R_1)$. Then $M_ n$ is an $A$-module. Set $R = \mathop{\mathrm{lim}}\nolimits R_ n$. Let

$\tilde R = \{ (r_1, r_2, r_3 \ldots ) \in \prod R_ n \text{ such that all have the same image in }A\}$

Then $\tilde R \to A$ is surjective with kernel $M = \prod M_ n$. There is a map $R \to \tilde R$ and a map $\tilde R \to A[M]$, $(r_1, r_2, r_3, \ldots ) \mapsto (r_1, r_2 - r_1, r_3 - r_2, \ldots )$. Together these give a short exact sequence

$(x, R \to A) \to (x, \tilde R \to A) \to (x, A[M])$

of deformation situations, see Remark 97.21.5. The associated sequence of kernels $0 \to \mathop{\mathrm{lim}}\nolimits M_ n \to M \to M \to 0$ is the canonical sequence computing the limit of the system of modules $(M_ n)$.

Let $o_ x(\tilde R) \in \mathcal{O}_ x(M)$ be the obstruction element. Since we have the lifts $\xi _ n$ we see that $o_ x(\tilde R)$ maps to zero in $\mathcal{O}_ x(M_ n)$. By assumption (5)(b) we see that $o_ x(\tilde R) = 0$. Choose a lift $\tilde\xi$ of $x$ to $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(\tilde R)$. Let $\tilde\xi _ n$ be the restriction of $\tilde\xi$ to $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(R_ n)$. There exists elements $t_ n \in T_ x(M_ n)$ such that $t_ n \cdot \tilde\xi _ n = \xi _ n$ by Lemma 97.21.2 part (2)(b). By assumption (5)(a) we can find $t \in T_ x(M)$ mapping to $t_ n$ in $T_ x(M_ n)$. After replacing $\tilde\xi$ by $t \cdot \tilde\xi$ we find that $\tilde\xi$ restricts to $\xi _ n$ over $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(R_ n)$ for all $n$. In particular, since $\xi _{n + 1}$ restricts to $\xi _ n$ over $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(R_ n)$, the restriction $\overline{\xi }$ of $\tilde\xi$ to $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(A[M])$ has the property that it restricts to the trivial deformation over $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(A[M_ n])$ for all $n$. Hence by assumption (5)(a) we find that $\overline{\xi }$ is the trivial deformation of $x$. By axiom (RS*) applied to $R = \tilde R \times _{A[M]} A$ this implies that $\tilde\xi$ is the pullback of a deformation $\xi$ of $x$ over $R$. This finishes the proof. $\square$

[1] Analyzing the proof the reader sees that in fact it suffices to check the functoriality (ii) of obstruction classes in Definition 97.22.1 for maps $(y, B' \to B) \to (x, A' \to A)$ with $B = A$ and $y = x$.

Comment #2987 by Tanya Kaushal Srivastava on

Small typo in the proof second para: Let $\tilde{\xi}_n$ be the restriction of $\tilde{n}$ to $Spec(R_n)$ ---> Spec(Rn) ---> Let Let $\tilde{\xi}_n$ be the restriction of $\tilde{\xi}$ to $Spec(R_n)$.

Comment #2988 by Tanya Kaushal Srivastava on

(Something weird with my previous comment) Small typo in the proof second para: Let $\tilde{\xi}_n$ be the restriction of $\tilde{n}$ to $Spec(R_n)$ ---> Let $\tilde{\xi}_n$ be the restriction of $\tilde{\xi}$ to $Spec(R_n)$.

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