Lemma 15.100.1. Let $I$ be an ideal of a Noetherian ring $A$. Let $K \xrightarrow {\alpha } L \xrightarrow {\beta } M$ be a complex of finite $A$-modules. Set $H = \mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(\beta )/\mathop{\mathrm{Im}}(\alpha )$. For $n \geq 0$ let

$I^ nK \xrightarrow {\alpha _ n} I^ nL \xrightarrow {\beta _ n} I^ nM$

be the induced complex. Set $H_ n = \mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(\beta _ n)/\mathop{\mathrm{Im}}(\alpha _ n)$. Then there are canonical $A$-module maps

$\ldots \to H_3 \to H_2 \to H_1 \to H$

There exists a $c > 0$ such that for $n \geq c$ the image of $H_ n \to H$ is contained in $I^{n - c}H$ and there is a canonical $A$-module map $I^ nH \to H_{n - c}$ such that the compositions

$I^ n H \to H_{n - c} \to I^{n - 2c}H \quad \text{and}\quad H_ n \to I^{n - c}H \to H_{n - 2c}$

are the canonical ones. In particular, the inverse systems $(H_ n)$ and $(I^ nH)$ are isomorphic as pro-objects of $\text{Mod}_ A$.

Proof. We have $H_ n = \mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(\beta ) \cap I^ nL/\alpha (I^ nK)$. Since $\mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(\beta ) \cap I^ nL \subset \mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(\beta ) \cap I^{n - 1}L$ and $\alpha (I^ nK) \subset \alpha (I^{n - 1}K)$ we get the maps $H_ n \to H_{n - 1}$. Similarly for the map $H_1 \to H$.

By Artin-Rees we may choose $c_1, c_2 \geq 0$ such that $\mathop{\mathrm{Im}}(\alpha ) \cap I^ nL \subset \alpha (I^{n - c_1}K)$ for $n \geq c_1$ and $\mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(\beta ) \cap I^ nL \subset I^{n - c_2}\mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(\beta )$ for $n \geq c_2$, see Algebra, Lemmas 10.51.3 and 10.51.2. Set $c = c_1 + c_2$.

It follows immediately from our choice of $c \geq c_2$ that for $n \geq c$ the image of $H_ n \to H$ is contained in $I^{n - c}H$.

Let $n \geq c$. We define $\psi _ n : I^ nH \to H_{n - c}$ as follows. Say $x \in I^ nH$. Choose $y \in I^ n\mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(\beta )$ representing $x$. We set $\psi _ n(x)$ equal to the class of $y$ in $H_{n - c}$. To see this is well defined, suppose we have a second choice $y'$ as above for $x$. Then $y' - y \in \mathop{\mathrm{Im}}(\alpha )$. By our choice of $c \geq c_1$ we conclude that $y' - y \in \alpha (I^{n - c}K)$ which implies that $y$ and $y'$ represent the same element of $H_{n - c}$. Thus $\psi _ n$ is well defined.

The statements on the compositions $I^ n H \to H_{n - c} \to I^{n - 2c}H$ and $H_ n \to I^{n - c}H \to H_{n - 2c}$ follow immediately from our definitions. $\square$

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