Lemma 4.35.2. Let $p : \mathcal{S} \to \mathcal{C}$ be a functor. The following are equivalent

1. $p : \mathcal{S} \to \mathcal{C}$ is a category fibred in groupoids, and

2. all fibre categories are groupoids and $\mathcal{S}$ is a fibred category over $\mathcal{C}$.

Moreover, in this case every morphism of $\mathcal{S}$ is strongly cartesian. In addition, given $f^\ast x \to x$ lying over $f$ for all $f: V \to U = p(x)$ the data $(U \mapsto \mathcal{S}_ U, f \mapsto f^*, \alpha _{f, g}, \alpha _ U)$ constructed in Lemma 4.33.7 defines a pseudo functor from $\mathcal{C}^{opp}$ in to the $(2, 1)$-category of groupoids.

Proof. Assume $p : \mathcal{S} \to \mathcal{C}$ is fibred in groupoids. To show all fibre categories $\mathcal{S}_ U$ for $U \in \mathop{\mathrm{Ob}}\nolimits (\mathcal{C})$ are groupoids, we must exhibit for every $f : y \to x$ in $\mathcal{S}_ U$ an inverse morphism. The diagram on the left (in $\mathcal{S}_ U$) is mapped by $p$ to the diagram on the right:

$\xymatrix{ y \ar[r]^ f & x & U \ar[r]^{\text{id}_ U} & U \\ x \ar@{-->}[u] \ar[ru]_{\text{id}_ x} & & U \ar@{-->}[u]\ar[ru]_{\text{id}_ U} & \\ }$

Since only $\text{i}d_ U$ makes the diagram on the right commute, there is a unique $g : x \to y$ making the diagram on the left commute, so $fg = \text{id}_ x$. By a similar argument there is a unique $h : y \to x$ so that $gh = \text{id}_ y$. Then $fgh = f : y \to x$. We have $fg = \text{id}_ x$, so $h = f$. Condition (2) of Definition 4.35.1 says exactly that every morphism of $\mathcal{S}$ is strongly cartesian. Hence condition (1) of Definition 4.35.1 implies that $\mathcal{S}$ is a fibred category over $\mathcal{C}$.

Conversely, assume all fibre categories are groupoids and $\mathcal{S}$ is a fibred category over $\mathcal{C}$. We have to check conditions (1) and (2) of Definition 4.35.1. The first condition follows trivially. Let $\phi : y \to x$, $\psi : z \to x$ and $f : p(z) \to p(y)$ such that $p(\phi ) \circ f = p(\psi )$ be as in condition (2) of Definition 4.35.1. Write $U = p(x)$, $V = p(y)$, $W = p(z)$, $p(\phi ) = g : V \to U$, $p(\psi ) = h : W \to U$. Choose a strongly cartesian $g^*x \to x$ lying over $g$. Then we get a morphism $i : y \to g^*x$ in $\mathcal{S}_ V$, which is therefore an isomorphism. We also get a morphism $j : z \to g^*x$ corresponding to the pair $(\psi , f)$ as $g^*x \to x$ is strongly cartesian. Then one checks that $\chi = i^{-1} \circ j$ is a solution.

We have seen in the proof of (1) $\Rightarrow$ (2) that every morphism of $\mathcal{S}$ is strongly cartesian. The final statement follows directly from Lemma 4.33.7. $\square$

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