The Stacks project

Proof. We will describe a functor in the reverse direction inspired by the construction of Lemma 14.22.4 (except that we throw in a sign to get the boundaries right). Let $A_\bullet $ be a chain complex with boundary maps $d_{A, n} : A_ n \to A_{n - 1}$. For each $n \geq 0$ denote

For $\alpha \in I_ n$ we denote $k(\alpha )$ the unique integer such that $\mathop{\mathrm{Im}}(\alpha ) = [k]$. We define a simplicial object $S(A_\bullet )$ as follows:

1. $S(A_\bullet )_ n = \bigoplus _{\alpha \in I_ n} A_{k(\alpha )}$, which we will write as $\bigoplus _{\alpha \in I_ n} A_{k(\alpha )} \cdot \alpha $ to suggest thinking of “$\alpha $” as a basis vector for the summand corresponding to it,

2. given $\varphi : [m] \to [n]$ we define $S(A_\bullet )(\varphi )$ by its restriction to the direct summand $A_{k(\alpha )} \cdot \alpha $ of $S(A_\bullet )_ n$ as follows

   1. $\alpha \circ \varphi \not\in I_ m$ then we set it equal to zero,

   2. $\alpha \circ \varphi \in I_ m$ but $k(\alpha \circ \varphi )$ not equal to either $k(\alpha )$ or $k(\alpha ) - 1$ then we set it equal to zero as well,

   3. if $\alpha \circ \varphi \in I_ m$ and $k(\alpha \circ \varphi ) = k(\alpha )$ then we use the identity map to the summand $A_{k(\alpha \circ \varphi )} \cdot (\alpha \circ \varphi )$ of $S(A_\bullet )_ m$, and

   4. if $\alpha \circ \varphi \in I_ m$ and $k(\alpha \circ \varphi ) = k(\alpha ) - 1$ then we use $(-1)^{k(\alpha )} d_{A, k(\alpha )}$ to the summand $A_{k(\alpha \circ \varphi )}\cdot (\alpha \circ \varphi )$ of $S(A_\bullet )_ m$.

Let us show that $S(A_\bullet )$ is a simplicial object of $\mathcal{A}$. To do this, assume we have maps $\varphi : [m] \to [n]$ and $\psi : [n] \to [p]$. We will show that $S(A_\bullet )(\varphi ) \circ S(A_\bullet )(\psi ) = S(A_\bullet )(\psi \circ \varphi )$. Choose $\beta \in I_ p$ and set $\alpha = \beta \circ \psi $ and $\gamma = \alpha \circ \varphi $ viewed as maps $\alpha : [n] \to \{ 0, 1, 2, \ldots \} $ and $\gamma : [m] \to \{ 0, 1, 2, \ldots \} $. Picture

We will show that the restriction of the maps $S(A_\bullet )(\varphi ) \circ S(A_\bullet )(\psi )$ and $S(A_\bullet )(\psi \circ \varphi )$. to the summand $A_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta $ agree. There are several cases to consider

1. Say $\alpha \not\in I_ n$ so the restriction of $S(A_\bullet )(\psi )$ to $A_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta $ is zero. Then either $\gamma \not\in I_ m$ or we have $[k(\gamma )] = \mathop{\mathrm{Im}}(\gamma ) \subset \mathop{\mathrm{Im}}(\alpha ) \subset [k(\beta )]$ and the subset $\mathop{\mathrm{Im}}(\alpha )$ of $[k(\beta )]$ has a gap so $k(\gamma ) < k(\beta ) - 1$. In both cases we see that the restriction of $S(A_\bullet )(\psi \circ \varphi )$ to $A_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta $ is zero as well.

2. Say $\alpha \in I_ n$ and $k(\alpha ) < k(\beta ) - 1$ so the restriction of $S(A_\bullet )(\psi )$ to $A_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta $ is zero. Then either $\gamma \not\in I_ m$ or we have $[k(\gamma )] \subset [k(\alpha )] \subset [k(\beta )]$ and it follows that $k(\gamma ) < k(\beta ) - 1$. In both cases we see that the restriction of $S(A_\bullet )(\psi \circ \varphi )$ to $A_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta $ is zero as well.

3. Say $\alpha \in I_ n$ and $k(\alpha ) = k(\beta )$ so the restriction of $S(A_\bullet )(\psi )$ to $A_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta $ is the identity map from $A_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta $ to $A_{k(\alpha )} \cdot \alpha $. In this case because $\mathop{\mathrm{Im}}(\alpha ) =[k(\beta )]$ the rule describing the restriction of $S(A_\bullet )(\psi \circ \varphi )$ to the summand $A_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta $ is exactly the same as the rule describing the restriction of $S(A_\bullet )(\varphi )$ to the summand $A_{k(\alpha )} \cdot \alpha $ and hence agreement holds.

4. Say $\alpha \in I_ n$ and $k(\alpha ) = k(\beta ) - 1$ so the restriction of $S(A_\bullet )(\psi )$ to $A_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta $ is given by $(-1)^{k(\beta )}d_{A, k(\beta )}$ to $A_{k(\alpha )} \cdot \alpha $. Subcases

   1. If $\gamma \not\in I_ m$, then both the restriction of $S(A_\bullet )(\psi \circ \varphi )$ to the summand $A_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta $ and the restriction of $S(A_\bullet )(\varphi )$ to the summand $A_{k(\alpha )} \cdot \alpha $ are zero and we get agreement.

   2. If $\gamma \in I_ m$ but $k(\gamma ) < k(\alpha ) - 1$, then again both restrictions are zero and we get agreement.

   3. If $\gamma \in I_ m$ and $k(\gamma ) = k(\alpha )$ then $\mathop{\mathrm{Im}}(\gamma ) = \mathop{\mathrm{Im}}(\alpha )$. In this case the restriction of $S(A_\bullet )(\psi \circ \varphi )$ to the summand $A_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta $ is given by $(-1)^{k(\beta )}d_{A, k(\beta )}$ to $A_{k(\gamma )} \cdot \gamma $ and the restriction of $S(A_\bullet )(\varphi )$ to the summand $A_{k(\alpha )} \cdot \alpha $ is the identity map $A_{k(\alpha )} \cdot \alpha \to A_{k(\gamma )} \cdot \gamma $. Hence agreement holds.

   4. Finally, if $\gamma \in I_ m$ and $k(\gamma ) = k(\alpha ) - 1$ then the restriction of $S(A_\bullet )(\varphi )$ to the summand $A_{k(\alpha )} \cdot \alpha $ is given by $(-1)^{k(\alpha )} d_{A, k(\alpha )}$ as a map $A_{k(\alpha )} \cdot \alpha \to A_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta $. Since $A_\bullet $ is a complex we see that the composition $A_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta \to A_{k(\alpha )} \cdot \alpha \to A_{k(\gamma )} \cdot \gamma $ is zero which matches what we get for the restriction of $S(A_\bullet )(\psi \circ \varphi )$ to the summand $A_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta $ because $k(\gamma ) = k(\beta ) - 2 < k(\beta ) - 1$.

Thus $S(A_\bullet )$ is a simplicial object of $\mathcal{A}$.

Let us construct an isomorphism $A_\bullet \to N(S(A_\bullet ))$ functorial in $A_\bullet $. Recall that

as chain complexes by Lemma 14.23.6. On the other hand it follows from Remark 14.23.7 and the construction of $S(A_\bullet )$ that

However, if $\alpha \in I_ n$ then we have $k(\alpha ) \geq n \Leftrightarrow \alpha = \text{id}_{[n]} : [n] \to [n]$. Thus the summand $A_ n \cdot \text{id}_{[n]}$ of $S(A_\bullet )_ n$ is a complement to the summand $D(S(A_\bullet ))_ n$. All the maps $d^ n_ i : S(A_\bullet )_ n \to S(A_\bullet )_ n$ restrict to zero on the summand $A_ n \cdot \text{id}_{[n]}$ except for $d^ n_ n$ which produces $(-1)^ n d_{A, n}$ from $A_ n \cdot \text{id}_{[n]}$ to $A_{n - 1} \cdot \text{id}_{[n - 1]}$. We conclude that $A_ n \cdot \text{id}_{[n]}$ must be equal to the summand $N(S(A_\bullet ))_ n$ and moreover the restriction of the differential $d_ n = \sum (-1)^ id^ n_ i : S(A_\bullet )_ n \to S(A_\bullet )_{n - 1}$ to the summand $A_ n \cdot \text{id}_{[n]}$ gives what we want!

Finally, we have to show that $S \circ N$ is isomorphic to the identity functor. Let $U$ be a simplicial object of $\mathcal{A}$. Then we can define an obvious map

by using $U(\alpha ) : N(U)_{k(\alpha )} \to U_ n$ on the summand corresponding to $\alpha $. By Definition 14.18.1 this is an isomorphism. To finish the proof we have to show that this is compatible with the maps in the simplicial objects. Thus let $\varphi : [m] \to [n]$ and let $\alpha \in I_ n$. Set $\beta = \alpha \circ \varphi $. Picture

There are several cases to consider

1. Say $\beta \not\in I_ m$. Then there exists an index $0 \leq j < k(\alpha )$ with $j \not\in \mathop{\mathrm{Im}}(\alpha \circ \varphi )$ and hence we can choose a factorization $\alpha \circ \varphi = \delta ^{k(\alpha )}_ j \circ \psi $ for some $\psi : [m] \to [k(\alpha ) - 1]$. It follows that $U(\varphi )$ is zero on the image of the summand $N(U)_{k(\alpha )} \cdot \alpha $ because $U(\varphi ) \circ U(\alpha ) = U(\alpha \circ \varphi ) = U(\psi ) \circ d^{k(\alpha )}_ j$ is zero on $N(U)_{k(\alpha )}$ by construction of $N$. This matches our rule for $S(N(U))$ given above.

2. Say $\beta \in I_ m$ and $k(\beta ) < k(\alpha ) - 1$. Here we argue exactly as in case (1) with $j = k(\alpha ) - 1$.

3. Say $\beta \in I_ m$ and $k(\beta ) = k(\alpha )$. Here the summand $N(U)_{k(\alpha )} \cdot \alpha $ is mapped by the identity to the summand $N(U)_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta $. This is the same as the effect of $U(\varphi )$ since in this case $U(\varphi ) \circ U(\alpha ) = U(\beta )$.

4. Say $\beta \in I_ m$ and $k(\beta ) = k(\alpha ) - 1$. Here we use the differential $(-1)^{k(\alpha )} d_{N(U), k(\alpha )}$ to map the summand $N(U)_{k(\alpha )} \cdot \alpha $ to the summand $N(U)_{k(\beta )} \cdot \beta $. On the other hand, since $\mathop{\mathrm{Im}}(\beta ) = [k(\beta )]$ in this case we get $\alpha \circ \varphi = \delta ^{k(\alpha )}_{k(\alpha )} \circ \beta $. Thus we see that $U(\varphi )$ composed with the restriction of $U(\alpha )$ to $N(U)_{k(\alpha )}$ is equal to $U(\beta )$ precomposed with $d^{k(\alpha )}_{k(\alpha )}$ restricted to $N(U)_{k(\alpha )}$. Since $d_{N(U), k(\alpha )} = \sum (-1)^ i d^{k(\alpha )}_ i$ and since $d^{k(\alpha )}_ i$ restricts to zero on $N(U)_{k(\alpha )}$ for $i < k(\alpha )$ we see that equality holds.

This finishes the proof of the theorem. $\square$