Lemma 19.5.1. Let $(X, \mathcal{O}_ X)$ be a ringed space, see Sheaves, Section 6.25. The category of sheaves of $\mathcal{O}_ X$-modules on $X$ has enough injectives. In fact it has functorial injective embeddings.
19.5 Sheaves of modules on a ringed space
Proof. For any ring $R$ and any $R$-module $M$ we denote $j : M \to J_ R(M)$ the functorial injective embedding constructed in More on Algebra, Section 15.55. Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a sheaf of $\mathcal{O}_ X$-modules on $X$. By Sheaves, Examples 6.7.5 and 6.15.6 the assignment
\[ \mathcal{I} : U \mapsto \mathcal{I}(U) = \prod \nolimits _{x\in U} J_{\mathcal{O}_{X, x}}(\mathcal{F}_ x) \]
is an abelian sheaf. There is a canonical map $\mathcal{F} \to \mathcal{I}$ given by mapping $s \in \mathcal{F}(U)$ to $\prod _{x \in U} j(s_ x)$ where $s_ x \in \mathcal{F}_ x$ denotes the germ of $s$ at $x$. This map is injective, see Sheaves, Lemma 6.11.1 for example.
It remains to prove the following: Given a rule $x \mapsto I_ x$ which assigns to each point $x \in X$ an injective $\mathcal{O}_{X, x}$-module the sheaf $\mathcal{I} : U \mapsto \prod _{x \in U} I_ x$ is injective. Note that
\[ \mathcal{I} = \prod \nolimits _{x \in X} i_{x, *}I_ x \]
is the product of the skyscraper sheaves $i_{x, *}I_ x$ (see Sheaves, Section 6.27 for notation.) We have
\[ \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_{X, x}}(\mathcal{F}_ x, I_ x) = \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(\mathcal{F}, i_{x, *}I_ x). \]
see Sheaves, Lemma 6.27.3. Hence it is clear that each $i_{x, *}I_ x$ is an injective $\mathcal{O}_ X$-module (see Homology, Lemma 12.29.1 or argue directly). Hence the injectivity of $\mathcal{I}$ follows from Homology, Lemma 12.27.3. $\square$
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