Lemma 26.18.2. Let $S$ be a scheme. Let $f : X \to Y$ be an immersion (resp. closed immersion, resp. open immersion) of schemes over $S$. Then any base change of $f$ is an immersion (resp. closed immersion, resp. open immersion).

Proof. We can think of the base change of $f$ via the morphism $S' \to S$ as the top left vertical arrow in the following commutative diagram:

$\xymatrix{ X_{S'} \ar[r] \ar[d] & X \ar[d] \ar@/^4ex/[dd] \\ Y_{S'} \ar[r] \ar[d] & Y \ar[d] \\ S' \ar[r] & S }$

The diagram implies $X_{S'} \cong Y_{S'} \times _ Y X$, and the lemma follows from Lemma 26.17.6. $\square$

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