17.7 A canonical exact sequence
We give this exact sequence its own section.
Lemma 17.7.1. Let X be a topological space. Let U \subset X be an open subset with complement Z \subset X. Denote j : U \to X the open immersion and i : Z \to X the closed immersion. For any sheaf of abelian groups \mathcal{F} on X the adjunction mappings j_{!}j^{-1}\mathcal{F} \to \mathcal{F} and \mathcal{F} \to i_*i^{-1}\mathcal{F} give a short exact sequence
0 \to j_{!}j^{-1}\mathcal{F} \to \mathcal{F} \to i_*i^{-1}\mathcal{F} \to 0
of sheaves of abelian groups. For any morphism \varphi : \mathcal{F} \to \mathcal{G} of abelian sheaves on X we obtain a morphism of short exact sequences
\xymatrix{ 0 \ar[r] & j_{!}j^{-1}\mathcal{F} \ar[r] \ar[d] & \mathcal{F} \ar[r] \ar[d] & i_*i^{-1}\mathcal{F} \ar[r] \ar[d] & 0 \\ 0 \ar[r] & j_{!}j^{-1}\mathcal{G} \ar[r] & \mathcal{G} \ar[r] & i_*i^{-1}\mathcal{G} \ar[r] & 0 }
Proof.
The functoriality of the short exact sequence is immediate from the naturality of the adjunction mappings. We may check exactness on stalks (Lemma 17.3.1). For a description of the stalks in question see Sheaves, Lemmas 6.31.6 and 6.32.1.
\square
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