Lemma 59.56.5. Assumptions and notations as in Theorem 59.56.3. There is a functorial bijection

$\Gamma (S, \mathcal{F}) = (\mathcal{F}_{\overline{s}})^ G$

Proof. We can prove this using formal arguments and the result of Theorem 59.56.3 as follows. Given a sheaf $\mathcal{F}$ corresponding to the $G$-set $M = \mathcal{F}_{\overline{s}}$ we have

\begin{eqnarray*} \Gamma (S, \mathcal{F}) & = & \mathop{\mathrm{Mor}}\nolimits _{\mathop{\mathit{Sh}}\nolimits (S_{\acute{e}tale})}(h_{\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(K)}, \mathcal{F}) \\ & = & \mathop{\mathrm{Mor}}\nolimits _{G\textit{-Sets}}(\{ *\} , M) \\ & = & M^ G \end{eqnarray*}

Here the first identification is explained in Sites, Sections 7.2 and 7.12, the second results from Theorem 59.56.3 and the third is clear. We will also give a direct proof1.

Suppose that $t \in \Gamma (S, \mathcal{F})$ is a global section. Then the triple $(S, \overline{s}, t)$ defines an element of $\mathcal{F}_{\overline{s}}$ which is clearly invariant under the action of $G$. Conversely, suppose that $(U, \overline{u}, t)$ defines an element of $\mathcal{F}_{\overline{s}}$ which is invariant. Then we may shrink $U$ and assume $U = \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(L)$ for some finite separable field extension of $K$, see Proposition 59.26.2. In this case the map $\mathcal{F}(U) \to \mathcal{F}_{\overline{s}}$ is injective, because for any morphism of étale neighbourhoods $(U', \overline{u}') \to (U, \overline{u})$ the restriction map $\mathcal{F}(U) \to \mathcal{F}(U')$ is injective since $U' \to U$ is a covering of $S_{\acute{e}tale}$. After enlarging $L$ a bit we may assume $K \subset L$ is a finite Galois extension. At this point we use that

$\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(L) \times _{\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(K)} \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(L) = \coprod \nolimits _{\sigma \in \text{Gal}(L/K)} \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(L)$

where the maps $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(L) \to \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(L \otimes _ K L)$ come from the ring maps $a \otimes b \mapsto a\sigma (b)$. Hence we see that the condition that $(U, \overline{u}, t)$ is invariant under all of $G$ implies that $t \in \mathcal{F}(\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(L))$ maps to the same element of $\mathcal{F}(\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(L) \times _{\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(K)} \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(L))$ via restriction by either projection (this uses the injectivity mentioned above; details omitted). Hence the sheaf condition of $\mathcal{F}$ for the étale covering $\{ \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(L) \to \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(K)\}$ kicks in and we conclude that $t$ comes from a unique section of $\mathcal{F}$ over $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(K)$. $\square$

[1] For the doubting Thomases out there.

Comment #3198 by Dario Weißmann on

Typo in the second equality of the short proof: '$\text{Mor}_{G-Sets)}$' should have no bracket.

There are also:

• 2 comment(s) on Section 59.56: Galois action on stalks

In your comment you can use Markdown and LaTeX style mathematics (enclose it like $\pi$). A preview option is available if you wish to see how it works out (just click on the eye in the toolbar).