The Stacks project

Proof. We are going to write this out in ridiculous detail (which may make it hard to see what is going on).

We have seen in Lemma 95.7.1 that a morphism $(f, g) : X/U \to Y/V$ of $\mathcal{S}\! \mathit{paces}$ is strongly cartesian if the induced morphism $f : X \to U \times _ V Y$ is an isomorphism. Note that if $Y \to V$ is of finite type then also $U \times _ V Y \to U$ is of finite type, see Morphisms of Spaces, Lemma 67.23.3. So if $(f, g) : X/U \to Y/V$ of $\mathcal{S}\! \mathit{paces}$ is strongly cartesian in $\mathcal{S}\! \mathit{paces}$ and $Y/V$ is an object of $\mathcal{S}\! \mathit{paces}_{ft}$ then automatically also $X/U$ is an object of $\mathcal{S}\! \mathit{paces}_{ft}$, and of course $(f, g)$ is also strongly cartesian in $\mathcal{S}\! \mathit{paces}_{ft}$. In this way we conclude that $\mathcal{S}\! \mathit{paces}_{ft}$ is a fibred category over $(\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}$. This proves (1).

The argument above also shows that the inclusion functor $\mathcal{S}\! \mathit{paces}_{ft} \to \mathcal{S}\! \mathit{paces}$ transforms strongly cartesian morphisms into strongly cartesian morphisms. In other words $\mathcal{S}\! \mathit{paces}_{ft} \to \mathcal{S}\! \mathit{paces}$ is a $1$-morphism of fibred categories over $(\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}$.

Let $U \in \mathop{\mathrm{Ob}}\nolimits ((\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf})$. Let $X, Y$ be algebraic spaces of finite type over $U$. By Stacks, Lemma 8.2.3 we obtain a map of presheaves

which is an isomorphism as $\mathcal{S}\! \mathit{paces}_{ft}$ is a full subcategory of $\mathcal{S}\! \mathit{paces}$. Hence the left hand side is a sheaf, because in Lemma 95.7.2 we showed the right hand side is a sheaf. This proves (2).

To prove condition (3) of Stacks, Definition 8.4.1 we have to show the following: Given

1. a covering $\{ U_ i \to U\} _{i \in I}$ of $(\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}$,

2. for each $i \in I$ an algebraic space $X_ i$ of finite type over $U_ i$, and

3. for each $i, j \in I$ an isomorphism $\varphi _{ij} : X_ i \times _ U U_ j \to U_ i \times _ U X_ j$ of algebraic spaces over $U_ i \times _ U U_ j$ satisfying the cocycle condition over $U_ i \times _ U U_ j \times _ U U_ k$,

there exists an algebraic space $X$ of finite type over $U$ and isomorphisms $X_{U_ i} \cong X_ i$ over $U_ i$ recovering the isomorphisms $\varphi _{ij}$. This follows from Bootstrap, Lemma 80.11.3 part (2). By Descent on Spaces, Lemma 74.11.10 we see that $X \to U$ is of finite type which concludes the proof. $\square$