Lemma 10.70.8. Let $R$ be a ring, $I \subset R$ an ideal, $a \in I$, and $f \in R$. Set $R' = R[\frac{I}{a}]$ and $R'' = R[\frac{fI}{fa}]$. Then there is a surjective $R$-algebra map $R' \to R''$ whose kernel is the set of $f$-power torsion elements of $R'$.

Proof. The map is given by sending $x/a^ n$ for $x \in I^ n$ to $f^ nx/(fa)^ n$. It is straightforward to check this map is well defined and surjective. Since $af$ is a nonzero divisor in $R''$ (Lemma 10.70.2) we see that the set of $f$-power torsion elements are mapped to zero. Conversely, if $x \in R'$ and $f^ n x \not= 0$ for all $n > 0$, then $(af)^ n x \not= 0$ for all $n$ as $a$ is a nonzero divisor in $R'$. It follows that the image of $x$ in $R''$ is not zero by the description of $R''$ following Definition 10.70.1. $\square$

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