Proof.
Part (1) is clear. Consider g : X' \to X and \{ X_ i \to X\} _{i\in I} a ph covering as in (3). By Morphisms of Spaces, Lemma 67.23.3 the morphisms X' \times _ X X_ i \to X' are locally of finite type. If h' : Z \to X' is a morphism from an affine scheme towards X', then set h = g \circ h' : Z \to X. The assumption on \{ X_ i \to X\} _{i\in I} means there exists a standard ph covering \{ Z_ j \to Z\} _{j = 1, \ldots , n} and morphisms Z_ j \to X_{i(j)} covering h for certain i(j) \in I. By the universal property of the fibre product we obtain morphisms Z_ j \to X' \times _ X X_{i(j)} over h' also. Hence \{ X' \times _ X X_ i \to X'\} _{i\in I} is a ph covering. This proves (3).
Let \{ X_ i \to X\} _{i\in I} and \{ X_{ij} \to X_ i\} _{j\in J_ i} be as in (2). Let h : Z \to X be a morphism from an affine scheme towards X. By assumption there exists a standard ph covering \{ Z_ j \to Z\} _{j = 1, \ldots , n} and morphisms h_ j : Z_ j \to X_{i(j)} covering h for some indices i(j) \in I. By assumption there exist standard ph coverings \{ Z_{j, l} \to Z_ j\} _{l = 1, \ldots , n(j)} and morphisms Z_{j, l} \to X_{i(j)j(l)} covering h_ j for some indices j(l) \in J_{i(j)}. By Topologies, Lemma 34.8.3 the family \{ Z_{j, l} \to Z\} can be refined by a standard ph covering. Hence we conclude that \{ X_{ij} \to X\} _{i \in I, j\in J_ i} is a ph covering.
\square
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