Lemma 35.22.3. In the situation above assume

1. $X$ and $Y$ quasi-compact with affine diagonal,

2. $\mathcal{F}^ n$ is a flat $p^{-1}\mathcal{O}_ S$-module and $\mathcal{F}^ n$ has the structure of a quasi-coherent $\mathcal{O}_ X$-module compatible with the given $p^{-1}\mathcal{O}_ S$-module structure (but the differentials in the complex $\mathcal{F}^\bullet$ need not be $\mathcal{O}_ X$-linear),

3. $\mathcal{G}^ m$ is a flat $q^{-1}\mathcal{O}_ S$-module and $\mathcal{G}^ m$ has the structure of a quasi-coherent $\mathcal{O}_ Y$-module compatible with the given $q^{-1}\mathcal{O}_ S$-module structure (but the differentials in the complex $\mathcal{G}^\bullet$ need not be $\mathcal{O}_ Y$-linear).

Then the cup product (35.22.1.1) is an isomorphism in $D(A)$.

Proof. We will prove the result on the cup product in two steps: (1) we reduce to the case where each of the two complexes consist of a single sheaf placed in degree $0$ and (2) the case of a single sheaf is proved as in Varieties, Lemma 32.29.1.

Suppose that we have maps of complexes of $p^{-1}\mathcal{O}_ S$-modules

$\mathcal{F}_1^\bullet \to \mathcal{F}_2^\bullet \to \mathcal{F}_3^\bullet \to \mathcal{F}_1^\bullet [1]$

Then by the functoriality of the cup product we obtain a commutative diagram

$\xymatrix{ R\Gamma (X, \mathcal{F}_1^\bullet ) \otimes _ A^\mathbf {L} R\Gamma (Y, \mathcal{G}^\bullet ) \ar[r] \ar[d] & R\Gamma (X \times _ S Y, \text{Tot}(p^{-1}\mathcal{F}_1^\bullet \otimes _{f^{-1}\mathcal{O}_ S} q^{-1}\mathcal{G}^\bullet )) \ar[d] \\ R\Gamma (X, \mathcal{F}_2^\bullet ) \otimes _ A^\mathbf {L} R\Gamma (Y, \mathcal{G}^\bullet ) \ar[r] \ar[d] & R\Gamma (X \times _ S Y, \text{Tot}(p^{-1}\mathcal{F}_2^\bullet \otimes _{f^{-1}\mathcal{O}_ S} q^{-1}\mathcal{G}^\bullet )) \ar[d] \\ R\Gamma (X, \mathcal{F}_3^\bullet ) \otimes _ A^\mathbf {L} R\Gamma (Y, \mathcal{G}^\bullet ) \ar[r] \ar[d] & R\Gamma (X \times _ S Y, \text{Tot}(p^{-1}\mathcal{F}_3^\bullet \otimes _{f^{-1}\mathcal{O}_ S} q^{-1}\mathcal{G}^\bullet )) \ar[d] \\ R\Gamma (X, \mathcal{F}_1^\bullet [1]) \otimes _ A^\mathbf {L} R\Gamma (Y, \mathcal{G}^\bullet ) \ar[r] & R\Gamma (X \times _ S Y, \text{Tot}(p^{-1}\mathcal{F}_1^\bullet [1] \otimes _{f^{-1}\mathcal{O}_ S} q^{-1}\mathcal{G}^\bullet )) }$

If the original maps form a distinguished triangle in the homotopy category of complexes of $p^{-1}\mathcal{O}_ S$-modules, then the columns of this diagram form distinguished triangles in $D(A)$.

Suppose that $\mathcal{F}^ n = 0$ for $n < a$. Then we may consider the termwise split short exact sequence of complexes

$0 \to \sigma _{\geq a + 1}\mathcal{F}^\bullet \to \mathcal{F}^\bullet \to \mathcal{F}^ a[-a] \to 0$

where the truncation is as in Homology, Section 12.15. This produces the distinguished triangle

$\sigma _{\geq a + 1}\mathcal{F}^\bullet \to \mathcal{F}^\bullet \to \mathcal{F}^ a[-a] \to (\sigma _{\geq a + 1}\mathcal{F}^\bullet )[1]$

where the final arrow is given by the boundary map $\mathcal{F}^ a \to \mathcal{F}^{a + 1}$. It follows from the discussion above that it suffices to prove the lemma for $\mathcal{F}^ a[-a]$ and $\sigma _{\geq a + 1}\mathcal{F}^\bullet$. Hence if we can prove the lemma if $\mathcal{F}^\bullet$ is nonzero only in single degree, then the lemma follows. Namely, $R\Gamma (X, \sigma _{\geq N}\mathcal{F}^\bullet )$ has no nonzero cohomology in degree $< N$ and both $R\Gamma (X, \sigma _{\geq n}\mathcal{F}^\bullet ) \otimes _ A^\mathbf {L} R\Gamma (Y, \mathcal{G}^\bullet )$ and $R\Gamma (X \times _ S Y, \text{Tot}(p^{-1}\sigma _{\geq N}\mathcal{F}^\bullet \otimes _{f^{-1}\mathcal{O}_ S} q^{-1}\mathcal{G}^\bullet ))$ have no nonzero cohomology in degree $< N + b$ if $\mathcal{G}^ m = 0$ for $m < b$. Thus we may assume $\mathcal{F}^\bullet$ is nonzero only in one degree. Repeating the argument with $\mathcal{G}^\bullet$ we reduce to the case discussed in the next paragraph.

Assume $\mathcal{F}^\bullet = \mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{G}^\bullet = \mathcal{G}$ are both reduced to a single quasi-coherent module placed in degree $0$ and both $\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{G}$ are flat over $S$. Choose finite affine open coverings $\mathcal{U} : X = \bigcup _{i \in I} U_ i$ and $\mathcal{V} : Y = \bigcup _{j \in J} V_ j$. This determines an affine open covering $\mathcal{W} : X \times _ S Y = \bigcup _{(i, j) \in I \times J} U_ i \times _ S V_ j$. Note that $\mathcal{W}$ is a refinement of $\text{pr}_1^{-1}\mathcal{U}$ and of $\text{pr}_2^{-1}\mathcal{V}$. Thus by the discussion in Cohomology, Section 20.25 we obtain maps

$\check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{U}, \mathcal{F}) \to \check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{W}, p^*\mathcal{F}) \quad \text{and}\quad \check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{V}, \mathcal{G}) \to \check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{W}, q^*\mathcal{G})$

well defined up to homotopy and compatible with pullback maps on cohomology. In Cohomology, Equation (20.25.3.2) we have constructed a map of complexes

$\text{Tot}( \check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{W}, p^*\mathcal{F}) \otimes _ A \check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{W}, q^*\mathcal{G})) \longrightarrow \check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{W}, p^*\mathcal{F} \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_{X \times _ S Y}} q^*\mathcal{G})$

which is compatible with the cup product on cohomology by Cohomology, Lemma 20.31.1. Combining the above we obtain a map of complexes

35.22.3.1
$$\label{perfect-equation-kunneth-on-cech} \text{Tot}( \check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{U}, \mathcal{F}) \otimes _ A \check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{V}, \mathcal{G})) \to \text{Tot}(\check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{W}, p^*\mathcal{F} \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_{X \times _ S Y}} q^*\mathcal{G}))$$

We claim this is the map in the statement of the lemma, i.e., the source and target of this arrow are the same as the source and target of (35.22.1.1). Namely, by Cohomology of Schemes, Lemma 29.2.2 and Cohomology, Lemma 20.25.2 the canonical maps

$\check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{U}, \mathcal{F}) \to R\Gamma (X, \mathcal{F}), \quad \check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{V}, \mathcal{G}) \to R\Gamma (Y, \mathcal{G})$

and

$\check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{W}, p^*\mathcal{F} \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_{X \times _ S Y}} q^*\mathcal{G}) \to R\Gamma (X \times _ S Y, p^*\mathcal{F} \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_{X \times _ S Y}} q^*\mathcal{G})$

are isomorphisms. On the other hand, the complex $\check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{U}, \mathcal{F})$ is homotopy equivalent to the alternating Čech complex $\check{\mathcal{C}}_{alt}^\bullet (\mathcal{U}, \mathcal{F})$ by Cohomology, Lemma 20.23.6. As the modules $\mathcal{F}^ n(U_{i_0\ldots i_ s})$ are $A$-flat, we see that the complex $\check{\mathcal{C}}_{alt}^\bullet (\mathcal{U}, \mathcal{F})$ is K-flat (More on Algebra, Lemma 15.57.9). Hence $\check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{U}, \mathcal{F})$ is a K-flat complex of $A$-modules too and we conclude that $\text{Tot}( \check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{U}, \mathcal{F}) \otimes _ A \check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{V}, \mathcal{G}))$ represents the derived tensor product $R\Gamma (X, \mathcal{F}) \otimes _ A^\mathbf {L} R\Gamma (Y, \mathcal{G})$ as claimed. Finally, we have $p^*\mathcal{F} \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_{X \times _ S Y}} q^*\mathcal{G} = p^{-1}\mathcal{F} \otimes _{f^{-1}\mathcal{O}_ S} q^{-1}\mathcal{G}$ by Remark 35.22.2.

We still have to show that (35.22.3.1) is a quasi-isomorphism. We will do this using dimension shifting. Set $d(\mathcal{F}) = \max \{ d \mid H^ d(X, \mathcal{F}) \not= 0\}$. Assume $d(\mathcal{F}) > 0$. Set $U = \coprod \nolimits _{i \in I} U_ i$. This is an affine scheme as $I$ is finite. Denote $j : U \to X$ the morphism which is the inclusion $U_ i \to X$ on each $U_ i$. Since the diagonal of $X$ is affine, the morphism $j$ is affine, see Morphisms, Lemma 28.11.11. It follows that $\mathcal{F}' = j_*j^*\mathcal{F}$ is $S$-flat, see Morphisms, Lemma 28.24.4. It also follows that $d(\mathcal{F}') = 0$ by combining Cohomology of Schemes, Lemmas 29.2.4 and 29.2.2. For all $x \in X$ we have $\mathcal{F}_ x \to \mathcal{F}'_ x$ is the inclusion of a direct summand: if $x \in U_ i$, then $\mathcal{F}' \to (U_ i \to X)_*\mathcal{F}|_{U_ i}$ gives a splitting. We conclude that $\mathcal{F} \to \mathcal{F}'$ is injective and $\mathcal{F}'' = \mathcal{F}'/\mathcal{F}$ is $S$-flat as well. Also $d(\mathcal{F}'') < d(\mathcal{F})$. In this way we reduce to the case $d(\mathcal{F}) = 0$.

Arguing in the same fashion for $\mathcal{G}$ we find that we may assume that both $\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{G}$ have nonzero cohomology only in degree $0$. Observe that this means that $\Gamma (X, \mathcal{F})$ is quasi-isomorphic to the finite complex $\check{\mathcal{C}}_{alt}^\bullet (\mathcal{U}, \mathcal{F})$ of flat $A$-modules sitting in degrees $0, \ldots , |I|$. It follows that $\Gamma (X, \mathcal{F})$ is a flat $A$-module. Let $V \subset Y$ be an affine open. Consider the affine open covering $\mathcal{U}_ V : X \times _ S V = \bigcup _{i \in I} U_ i \times _ S V$. It is immediate that

$\check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{U}, \mathcal{F}) \otimes _ A \mathcal{G}(V) = \check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{U}_ V, p^*\mathcal{F} \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_{X \times Y}} q^*\mathcal{G})$

(equality of complexes). By the flatness of $\mathcal{G}(V)$ over $A$ we see that $\Gamma (X, \mathcal{F}) \otimes _ A \mathcal{G}(V) \to \check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{U}, \mathcal{F}) \otimes _ A \mathcal{G}(V)$ is a quasi-isomorphism. Since the sheafification of $V \mapsto \check{\mathcal{C}}^\bullet (\mathcal{U}_ V, p^*\mathcal{F} \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_{X \times Y}} q^*\mathcal{G})$ represents $Rq_*(p^*\mathcal{F} \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_{X \times Y}} q^*\mathcal{G})$ by Cohomology of Schemes, Lemma 29.7.1 we conclude that

$Rq_*(p^*\mathcal{F} \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_{X \times Y}} q^*\mathcal{G}) \cong \Gamma (X, \mathcal{F}) \otimes _ A \mathcal{G}$

on $Y$ with obvious notation. Using this and Lemma 35.21.1 (which applies as $\Gamma (X, \mathcal{F})$ is $A$-flat) we conclude that $H^ n(X \times _ S Y, p^*\mathcal{F} \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_{X \times Y}} q^*\mathcal{G})$ is zero for $n > 0$ and isomorphic to $H^0(X, \mathcal{F}) \otimes _ A H^0(Y, \mathcal{G})$ for $n = 0$. This finishes the proof (except that we should check that the isomorphism is indeed given by cup product in degree $0$; we omit the verification). $\square$

Comment #4650 by on

First, of all, we should add a variant of this lemma where $X$ and $Y$ are flat over $S$ in which case this lemma is a lot easier to prove. Secondly, in the formula $R\Gamma (X, \sigma _{\geq n}\mathcal{F}^\bullet ) \otimes _ A^\mathbf {L} R\Gamma (Y, \mathcal{G}^\bullet )$ there is a typo and $n$ should be $N$. Thirdly, the statement that this lives in degrees $\geq N + b$ needs to be justified by proving a bound on the tor dimension of $R\Gamma (Y, \mathcal{G}^\bullet )$ which follows from the results in the next paragraph.

In your comment you can use Markdown and LaTeX style mathematics (enclose it like $\pi$). A preview option is available if you wish to see how it works out (just click on the eye in the toolbar).