Lemma 29.3.3. Let $h : Z \to X$ be an immersion. If $Z$ is reduced, then we can factor $h = i \circ j$ with $j : Z \to \overline{Z}$ an open immersion and $i : \overline{Z} \to X$ a closed immersion.

Proof. Let $\overline{Z} \subset X$ be the closure of $h(Z)$ with the reduced induced closed subscheme structure, see Schemes, Definition 26.12.5. By Schemes, Lemma 26.12.7 the morphism $h$ factors as $h = i \circ j$ with $i : \overline{Z} \to X$ the inclusion morphism and $j : Z \to \overline{Z}$. From the definition of an immersion we see there exists an open subscheme $U \subset X$ such that $h$ factors through a closed immersion into $U$. Hence $\overline{Z} \cap U$ and $h(Z)$ are reduced closed subschemes of $U$ with the same underlying closed set. Hence by the uniqueness in Schemes, Lemma 26.12.4 we see that $h(Z) \cong \overline{Z} \cap U$. So $j$ induces an isomorphism of $Z$ with $\overline{Z} \cap U$. In other words $j$ is an open immersion. $\square$

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