Lemma 67.12.1. Let $S$ be a scheme. Let $f : X \to Y$ be a morphism of algebraic spaces over $S$. The following are equivalent:
$f$ is a closed immersion (resp. open immersion, resp. immersion),
for every scheme $Z$ and any morphism $Z \to Y$ the morphism $Z \times _ Y X \to Z$ is a closed immersion (resp. open immersion, resp. immersion),
for every affine scheme $Z$ and any morphism $Z \to Y$ the morphism $Z \times _ Y X \to Z$ is a closed immersion (resp. open immersion, resp. immersion),
there exists a scheme $V$ and a surjective étale morphism $V \to Y$ such that $V \times _ Y X \to V$ is a closed immersion (resp. open immersion, resp. immersion), and
there exists a Zariski covering $Y = \bigcup Y_ i$ such that each of the morphisms $f^{-1}(Y_ i) \to Y_ i$ is a closed immersion (resp. open immersion, resp. immersion).
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