Lemma 16.5.1. Let $R \to \Lambda $ be a ring map. Let $I \subset R$ be an ideal. Assume that
$I^2 = 0$, and
$\Lambda /I\Lambda $ is a filtered colimit of smooth $R/I$-algebras.
Let $\varphi : A \to \Lambda $ be an $R$-algebra map with $A$ of finite presentation over $R$. Then there exists a factorization
where $B$ is a smooth $R$-algebra and $J \subset IB$ is a finitely generated ideal.
Proof. Choose a factorization
with $\bar B$ standard smooth over $R/I$; this is possible by assumption and Lemma 16.3.5. Write
and say $\bar B \to \Lambda /I\Lambda $ maps $t_ i$ to the class of $\lambda _ i$ modulo $I\Lambda $. Choose $g_1, \ldots , g_ s \in A[t_1, \ldots , t_ r]$ lifting $\bar g_1, \ldots , \bar g_ s$. Write $\varphi (g_ i)(\lambda _1, \ldots , \lambda _ r) = \sum \epsilon _{ij} \mu _{ij}$ for some $\epsilon _{ij} \in I$ and $\mu _{ij} \in \Lambda $. Define
and consider the map
We have
This is a standard smooth algebra over $R/I$ as $\bar B$ is standard smooth. Choose a presentation $A'/IA' = R/I[x_1, \ldots , x_ n]/(\bar f_1, \ldots , \bar f_ c)$ with $\det (\partial \bar f_ j/\partial x_ i)_{i, j = 1, \ldots , c}$ invertible in $A'/IA'$. Choose lifts $f_1, \ldots , f_ c \in R[x_1, \ldots , x_ n]$ of $\bar f_1, \ldots , \bar f_ c$. Then
is smooth over $R$. Since smooth ring maps are formally smooth (Algebra, Proposition 10.138.13) there exists an $R$-algebra map $B \to A'$ which is an isomorphism modulo $I$. Then $B \to A'$ is surjective by Nakayama's lemma (Algebra, Lemma 10.20.1). Thus $A' = B/J$ with $J \subset IB$ finitely generated (see Algebra, Lemma 10.6.3). $\square$
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