Lemma 86.22.6. Let $S$ be a scheme. Let $X$ be a locally Noetherian algebraic space over $S$ and let $T \subset |X|$ be a closed subset. Let $f : X' \to X$ be a morphism of algebraic spaces which is locally of finite type and étale outside of $T$. There exists a factorization

$X' \longrightarrow X'' \longrightarrow X$

of $f$ with the following properties: $X'' \to X$ is locally of finite type, $X'' \to X$ is an isomorphism over $X \setminus T$, and $X'_{/T} \to X''_{/T}$ is an isomorphism (see proof for notation).

Proof. The notation using the subscript ${}_{/T}$ in the statement refers to the construction which to a morphism $f : X' \to X$ of algebraic spaces associates the morphism $f_{/T} : X'_{/f^{-1}T} \to X_{/T}$ of formal algebraic spaces, see Section 86.20. We will also use the notion $U \subset X$ and $U' \subset X'$ to denote the open subspaces with $|U| = |X| \setminus T$ and $U' = |X'| \setminus f^{-1}T$ introduced in Section 86.20.

After replacing $X'$ by $X' \amalg U$ we may and do assume the image of $X' \to X$ contains $U$. Let

$R = X' \amalg _{U'} (U' \times _ U U')$

be the pushout of $U' \to X'$ and the diagonal morphism $U' \to U' \times _ U U' = U' \times _ X U'$. Since $U' \to X$ is étale, this diagonal is an open immersion and we see that $R$ is an algebraic space (this follows for example from Spaces, Lemma 63.8.5). The two projections $U' \times _ U U' \to U'$ extend to $R$ and we obtain two étale morphisms $s, t : R \to X'$. Checking on each piece separatedly we find that $R$ is an étale equivalence relation on $X'$. Set $X'' = X'/R$ which is an algebraic space by Bootstrap, Theorem 78.10.1. By construction have the factorization as in the lemma and the morphism $X'' \to X$ is locally of finite type (as this can be checked étale locally, i.e., on $X'$). Since $U' \to U$ is a surjective étale morphism and since $s^{-1}(U') = t^{-1}(U') = U' \times _ U U'$ we see that $U'' = U \times _ X X'' \to U$ is an isomorphism. Finally, we have to show the morphism $X' \to X''$ induces an isomorphism $X'_{/T} \to X''_{/T}$. To see this, note that the formal completion of $R$ along the inverse image of $T$ is equal to the formal completion of $X'$ along the inverse image of $T$ by our choice of $R$! By our construction of the formal completion in Formal Spaces, Section 85.10 we have $X''_{/T} = (X'_{/T}) / (R_{/T})$ as sheaves. Since $X'_{/T} = R_{/T}$ we conclude that $X'_{/T} = X''_{/T}$ and this finishes the proof. $\square$

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