Lemma 30.13.3. Let $f : Y \to X$ be a morphism of schemes. Assume

1. $f$ finite,

2. $f$ surjective,

3. $Y$ affine, and

4. $X$ Noetherian.

Then $X$ is affine.

Proof. We will prove that under the assumptions of the lemma for any coherent $\mathcal{O}_ X$-module $\mathcal{F}$ we have $H^1(X, \mathcal{F}) = 0$. This will in particular imply that $H^1(X, \mathcal{I}) = 0$ for every quasi-coherent sheaf of ideals of $\mathcal{O}_ X$. Then it follows that $X$ is affine from either Lemma 30.3.1 or Lemma 30.3.2.

Let $\mathcal{P}$ be the property of coherent sheaves $\mathcal{F}$ on $X$ defined by the rule

$\mathcal{P}(\mathcal{F}) \Leftrightarrow H^1(X, \mathcal{F}) = 0.$

We are going to apply Lemma 30.12.8. Thus we have to verify (1), (2) and (3) of that lemma for $\mathcal{P}$. Property (1) follows from the long exact cohomology sequence associated to a short exact sequence of sheaves. Property (2) follows since $H^1(X, -)$ is an additive functor. To see (3) let $Z \subset X$ be an integral closed subscheme with generic point $\xi$. Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a coherent sheaf on $Y$ such that the support of $f_*\mathcal{F}$ is equal to $Z$ and $(f_*\mathcal{F})_\xi$ is annihilated by $\mathfrak m_\xi$, see Lemma 30.13.1. We claim that taking $\mathcal{G} = f_*\mathcal{F}$ works. We only have to verify part (3)(c) of Lemma 30.12.8. Hence assume that $\mathcal{J} \subset \mathcal{O}_ X$ is a quasi-coherent sheaf of ideals such that $\mathcal{J}_\xi = \mathcal{O}_{X, \xi }$. A finite morphism is affine hence by Lemma 30.13.2 we see that $\mathcal{J}\mathcal{G} = f_*(f^{-1}\mathcal{J}\mathcal{F})$. Also, as pointed out in the proof of Lemma 30.13.2 the sheaf $f^{-1}\mathcal{J}\mathcal{F}$ is a quasi-coherent $\mathcal{O}_ Y$-module. Since $Y$ is affine we see that $H^1(Y, f^{-1}\mathcal{J}\mathcal{F}) = 0$, see Lemma 30.2.2. Since $f$ is finite, hence affine, we see that

$H^1(X, \mathcal{J}\mathcal{G}) = H^1(X, f_*(f^{-1}\mathcal{J}\mathcal{F})) = H^1(Y, f^{-1}\mathcal{J}\mathcal{F}) = 0$

by Lemma 30.2.4. Hence the quasi-coherent subsheaf $\mathcal{G}' = \mathcal{J}\mathcal{G}$ satisfies $\mathcal{P}$. This verifies property (3)(c) of Lemma 30.12.8 as desired. $\square$

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