Lemma 74.19.6 (Infinitesimal lifting criterion). Let $S$ be a scheme. Let $f : X \to Y$ be a morphism of algebraic spaces over $S$. The following are equivalent:

1. The morphism $f$ is smooth.

2. The morphism $f$ is locally of finite presentation, and formally smooth.

Proof. Assume $f : X \to S$ is locally of finite presentation and formally smooth. Consider a commutative diagram

$\xymatrix{ U \ar[d] \ar[r]_\psi & V \ar[d] \\ X \ar[r]^ f & Y }$

where $U$ and $V$ are schemes and the vertical arrows are étale and surjective. By Lemma 74.19.5 we see $\psi : U \to V$ is formally smooth. By Morphisms of Spaces, Lemma 65.28.4 the morphism $\psi$ is locally of finite presentation. Hence by the case of schemes the morphism $\psi$ is smooth, see More on Morphisms, Lemma 37.11.7. Hence $f$ is smooth, see Morphisms of Spaces, Lemma 65.37.4.

Conversely, assume that $f : X \to Y$ is smooth. Consider a solid commutative diagram

$\xymatrix{ X \ar[d]_ f & T \ar[d]^ i \ar[l]^ a \\ Y & T' \ar[l] \ar@{-->}[lu] }$

as in Definition 74.19.1. We will show the dotted arrow exists thereby proving that $f$ is formally smooth. Let $\mathcal{F}$ be the sheaf of sets on $(T')_{spaces, {\acute{e}tale}}$ of Lemma 74.17.4 as in the special case discussed in Remark 74.17.6. Let

$\mathcal{H} = \mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ T}(a^*\Omega _{X/Y}, \mathcal{C}_{T/T'})$

be the sheaf of $\mathcal{O}_ T$-modules on $T_{spaces, {\acute{e}tale}}$ with action $\mathcal{H} \times \mathcal{F} \to \mathcal{F}$ as in Lemma 74.17.5. The action $\mathcal{H} \times \mathcal{F} \to \mathcal{F}$ turns $\mathcal{F}$ into a pseudo $\mathcal{H}$-torsor, see Cohomology on Sites, Definition 21.4.1. Our goal is to show that $\mathcal{F}$ is a trivial $\mathcal{H}$-torsor. There are two steps: (I) To show that $\mathcal{F}$ is a torsor we have to show that $\mathcal{F}$ has étale locally a section. (II) To show that $\mathcal{F}$ is the trivial torsor it suffices to show that $H^1(T_{\acute{e}tale}, \mathcal{H}) = 0$, see Cohomology on Sites, Lemma 21.4.3.

First we prove (I). To see this choose a commutative diagram

$\xymatrix{ U \ar[d] \ar[r]_\psi & V \ar[d] \\ X \ar[r]^ f & Y }$

where $U$ and $V$ are schemes and the vertical arrows are étale and surjective. As $f$ is assumed smooth we see that $\psi$ is smooth and hence formally smooth by Lemma 74.13.5. By the same lemma the morphism $V \to Y$ is formally étale. Thus by Lemma 74.13.3 the composition $U \to Y$ is formally smooth. Then (I) follows from Lemma 74.13.6 part (4).

Finally we prove (II). By Lemma 74.7.15 we see that $\Omega _{X/S}$ is of finite presentation. Hence $a^*\Omega _{X/S}$ is of finite presentation (see Properties of Spaces, Section 64.30). Hence the sheaf $\mathcal{H} = \mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ T}(a^*\Omega _{X/Y}, \mathcal{C}_{T/T'})$ is quasi-coherent by Properties of Spaces, Lemma 64.29.7. Thus by Descent, Proposition 35.8.10 and Cohomology of Schemes, Lemma 30.2.2 we have

$H^1(T_{spaces, {\acute{e}tale}}, \mathcal{H}) = H^1(T_{\acute{e}tale}, \mathcal{H}) = H^1(T, \mathcal{H}) = 0$

as desired. $\square$

In your comment you can use Markdown and LaTeX style mathematics (enclose it like $\pi$). A preview option is available if you wish to see how it works out (just click on the eye in the toolbar).