# The Stacks Project

## Tag 05K0

Lemma 36.38.3 (Zariski's Main Theorem). Let $f : X \to S$ be a morphism of schemes. Assume $f$ is quasi-finite and separated and assume that $S$ is quasi-compact and quasi-separated. Then there exists a factorization $$\xymatrix{ X \ar[rd]_f \ar[rr]_j & & T \ar[ld]^\pi \\ & S & }$$ where $j$ is a quasi-compact open immersion and $\pi$ is finite.

Proof. Let $X \to S' \to S$ be as in the conclusion of Lemma 36.38.2. By Properties, Lemma 27.22.13 we can write $\nu_*\mathcal{O}_{S'} = \mathop{\mathrm{colim}}\nolimits_{i \in I} \mathcal{A}_i$ as a directed colimit of finite quasi-coherent $\mathcal{O}_X$-algebras $\mathcal{A}_i \subset \nu_*\mathcal{O}_{S'}$. Then $\pi_i : T_i = \underline{\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}}_S(\mathcal{A}_i) \to S$ is a finite morphism for each $i$. Note that the transition morphisms $T_{i'} \to T_i$ are affine and that $S' = \mathop{\mathrm{lim}}\nolimits T_i$.

By Limits, Lemma 31.4.11 there exists an $i$ and a quasi-compact open $U_i \subset T_i$ whose inverse image in $S'$ equals $f'(X)$. For $i' \geq i$ let $U_{i'}$ be the inverse image of $U_i$ in $T_{i'}$. Then $X \cong f'(X) = \mathop{\mathrm{lim}}\nolimits_{i' \geq i} U_{i'}$, see Limits, Lemma 31.2.2. By Limits, Lemma 31.4.16 we see that $X \to U_{i'}$ is a closed immersion for some $i' \geq i$. (In fact $X \cong U_{i'}$ for sufficiently large $i'$ but we don't need this.) Hence $X \to T_{i'}$ is an immersion. By Morphisms, Lemma 28.3.2 we can factor this as $X \to T \to T_{i'}$ where the first arrow is an open immersion and the second a closed immersion. Thus we win. $\square$

The code snippet corresponding to this tag is a part of the file more-morphisms.tex and is located in lines 10537–10553 (see updates for more information).

\begin{lemma}[Zariski's Main Theorem]
\label{lemma-quasi-finite-separated-pass-through-finite}
\begin{reference}
\cite[IV Corollary 18.12.13]{EGA}
\end{reference}
Let $f : X \to S$ be a morphism of schemes.
Assume $f$ is quasi-finite and separated and assume that
$S$ is quasi-compact and quasi-separated. Then there exists
a factorization
$$\xymatrix{ X \ar[rd]_f \ar[rr]_j & & T \ar[ld]^\pi \\ & S & }$$
where $j$ is a quasi-compact open immersion and $\pi$ is finite.
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}
Let $X \to S' \to S$ be as in the conclusion of
Lemma \ref{lemma-quasi-finite-separated-quasi-affine}.
By
Properties, Lemma
\ref{properties-lemma-integral-algebra-directed-colimit-finite}
we can write
$\nu_*\mathcal{O}_{S'} = \colim_{i \in I} \mathcal{A}_i$ as a
directed colimit of finite quasi-coherent $\mathcal{O}_X$-algebras
$\mathcal{A}_i \subset \nu_*\mathcal{O}_{S'}$. Then
$\pi_i : T_i = \underline{\Spec}_S(\mathcal{A}_i) \to S$
is a finite morphism for each $i$.
Note that the transition morphisms $T_{i'} \to T_i$ are affine
and that $S' = \lim T_i$.

\medskip\noindent
By Limits, Lemma \ref{limits-lemma-descend-opens}
there exists an $i$ and a quasi-compact open
$U_i \subset T_i$ whose inverse image in $S'$ equals
$f'(X)$. For $i' \geq i$ let $U_{i'}$ be the inverse image
of $U_i$ in $T_{i'}$. Then $X \cong f'(X) = \lim_{i' \geq i} U_{i'}$, see
Limits, Lemma \ref{limits-lemma-directed-inverse-system-has-limit}.
By Limits, Lemma \ref{limits-lemma-finite-type-eventually-closed} we see that
$X \to U_{i'}$ is a closed immersion for some $i' \geq i$.
(In fact $X \cong U_{i'}$ for sufficiently
large $i'$ but we don't need this.) Hence $X \to T_{i'}$ is an immersion. By
Morphisms, Lemma \ref{morphisms-lemma-factor-quasi-compact-immersion}
we can factor this as $X \to T \to T_{i'}$ where the first arrow
is an open immersion and the second a closed immersion. Thus we win.
\end{proof}

## References

[EGA, IV Corollary 18.12.13]

Comment #2685 by Johan (site) on August 1, 2017 a 11:05 pm UTC

A reference is EGA IV_4, 18.12.13. It is a corollary.

Comment #2707 by Takumi Murayama (site) on August 1, 2017 a 11:31 pm UTC

There are also 2 comments on Section 36.38: More on Morphisms.

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