Proof. Set $\mathcal{X} = \mathcal{C}\! \mathit{oh}_{X/B}$. We have seen that $\mathcal{X}$ is a stack in groupoids over $(\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}$ with diagonal representable by algebraic spaces (Lemmas 96.5.4 and 96.5.3). Hence it suffices to find a scheme $W$ and a surjective and smooth morphism $W \to \mathcal{X}$.

Let $B'$ be a scheme and let $B' \to B$ be a surjective étale morphism. Set $X' = B' \times _ B X$ and denote $f' : X' \to B'$ the projection. Then $\mathcal{X}' = \mathcal{C}\! \mathit{oh}_{X'/B'}$ is equal to the $2$-fibre product of $\mathcal{X}$ with the category fibred in sets associated to $B'$ over the category fibred in sets associated to $B$ (Remark 96.5.5). By the material in Algebraic Stacks, Section 91.10 the morphism $\mathcal{X}' \to \mathcal{X}$ is surjective and étale. Hence it suffices to prove the result for $\mathcal{X}'$. In other words, we may assume $B$ is a scheme.

Assume $B$ is a scheme. In this case we may replace $S$ by $B$, see Algebraic Stacks, Section 91.19. Thus we may assume $S = B$.

Assume $S = B$. Choose an affine open covering $S = \bigcup U_ i$. Denote $\mathcal{X}_ i$ the restriction of $\mathcal{X}$ to $(\mathit{Sch}/U_ i)_{fppf}$. If we can find schemes $W_ i$ over $U_ i$ and surjective smooth morphisms $W_ i \to \mathcal{X}_ i$, then we set $W = \coprod W_ i$ and we obtain a surjective smooth morphism $W \to \mathcal{X}$. Thus we may assume $S = B$ is affine.

Assume $S = B$ is affine, say $S = \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(\Lambda )$. Write $\Lambda = \mathop{\mathrm{colim}}\nolimits \Lambda _ i$ as a filtered colimit with each $\Lambda _ i$ of finite type over $\mathbf{Z}$. For some $i$ we can find a morphism of algebraic spaces $X_ i \to \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(\Lambda _ i)$ which is of finite presentation, separated, and flat and whose base change to $\Lambda$ is $X$. See Limits of Spaces, Lemmas 67.7.1, 67.6.9, and 67.6.12. If we show that $\mathcal{C}\! \mathit{oh}_{X_ i/\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(\Lambda _ i)}$ is an algebraic stack, then it follows by base change (Remark 96.5.5 and Algebraic Stacks, Section 91.19) that $\mathcal{X}$ is an algebraic stack. Thus we may assume that $\Lambda$ is a finite type $\mathbf{Z}$-algebra.

Assume $S = B = \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(\Lambda )$ is affine of finite type over $\mathbf{Z}$. In this case we will verify conditions (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5) of Artin's Axioms, Lemma 95.17.1 to conclude that $\mathcal{X}$ is an algebraic stack. Note that $\Lambda$ is a G-ring, see More on Algebra, Proposition 15.49.12. Hence all local rings of $S$ are G-rings. Thus (5) holds. By Lemma 96.5.11 we have that $\mathcal{X}$ satisfies openness of versality, hence (4) holds. To check (2) we have to verify axioms [-1], [0], [1], [2], and [3] of Artin's Axioms, Section 95.14. We omit the verification of [-1] and axioms [0], [1], [2], [3] correspond respectively to Lemmas 96.5.4, 96.5.6, 96.5.7, 96.5.9. Condition (3) follows from Lemma 96.5.10. Finally, condition (1) is Lemma 96.5.3. This finishes the proof of the theorem. $\square$

[1] This assumption is not necessary. See Section 96.6.

Comment #4571 by Ariyan Javanpeykar on

Should "algebraicity of stack coherent sheaves" be "algebraicity of the stack of coherent sheaves"?

In your comment you can use Markdown and LaTeX style mathematics (enclose it like $\pi$). A preview option is available if you wish to see how it works out (just click on the eye in the toolbar).