Lemma 73.11.4. Let $S$ be a scheme. Let $X$ be a quasi-compact and quasi-separated algebraic space over $S$. Suppose that for every étale morphism $j : V \to W$ with $W \subset X$ quasi-compact open and $V$ affine the right derived functor

$\Phi : D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ U)) \to D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ W))$

of the left exact functor $j_* : \mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ V) \to \mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ W)$ fits into a commutative diagram

$\xymatrix{ D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ V)) \ar[d]_\Phi \ar[r]_{i_ V} & D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ V) \ar[d]^{Rj_*} \\ D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ W)) \ar[r]^{i_ W} & D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ W) }$

Then the functor (73.5.1.1)

$D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X)) \longrightarrow D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$

is an equivalence with quasi-inverse given by $RQ_ X$.

Proof. We first use the induction principle to prove $i_ X$ is fully faithful. More precisely, we will use Lemma 73.9.6. Let $(U \subset W, V \to W)$ be an elementary distinguished square with $V$ affine and $U, W$ quasi-compact open in $X$. Assume that $i_ U$ is fully faithful. We have to show that $i_ W$ is fully faithful. We may replace $X$ by $W$, i.e., we may assume $W = X$ (we do this just to simplify the notation – observe that the condition in the statement of the lemma is preserved under this operation).

Suppose that $A, B$ are objects of $D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))$. We want to show that

$\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))}(A, B) \longrightarrow \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(i_ X(A), i_ X(B))$

is bijective. Let $T = |X| \setminus |U|$.

Assume first $i_ X(B)$ is supported on $T$. In this case the map

$i_ X(B) \to Rj_{V, *}(i_ X(B)|_ V) = Rj_{V, *}(i_ V(B|_ V))$

is a quasi-isomorphism (Lemma 73.10.7). By assumption we have an isomorphism $i_ X(\Phi (B|_ V)) \to Rj_{V, *}(i_ V(B|_ V))$ in $D(\mathcal{O}_ X)$. Moreover, $\Phi$ and ${-}|_ V$ are adjoint functors on the derived categories of quasi-coherent modules (by Derived Categories, Lemma 13.30.3). The adjunction map $B \to \Phi (B|_ V)$ becomes an isomorphism after applying $i_ X$, whence is an isomorphism in $D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))$. Hence

\begin{align*} \mathop{\mathrm{Mor}}\nolimits _{D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))}(A, B) & = \mathop{\mathrm{Mor}}\nolimits _{D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))}(A, \Phi (B|_ V)) \\ & = \mathop{\mathrm{Mor}}\nolimits _{D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ V))}(A|_ V, B|_ V) \\ & = \mathop{\mathrm{Mor}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ V)}(i_ V(A|_ V), i_ V(B|_ V)) \\ & = \mathop{\mathrm{Mor}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(i_ X(A), Rj_{V, *}(i_ V(B|_ V))) \\ & = \mathop{\mathrm{Mor}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(i_ X(A), i_ X(B)) \end{align*}

as desired. Here we have used that $i_ V$ is fully faithful (Lemma 73.11.3).

In general, choose any complex $\mathcal{B}^\bullet$ of quasi-coherent $\mathcal{O}_ X$-modules representing $B$. Next, choose any quasi-isomorphism $s : \mathcal{B}^\bullet |_ U \to \mathcal{C}^\bullet$ of complexes of quasi-coherent modules on $U$. As $j_ U : U \to X$ is quasi-compact and quasi-separated the functor $j_{U, *}$ transforms quasi-coherent modules into quasi-coherent modules (Morphisms of Spaces, Lemma 65.11.2). Thus there is a canonical map $\mathcal{B}^\bullet \to j_{U, *}(\mathcal{B}^\bullet |_ U) \to j_{U, *}\mathcal{C}^\bullet$ of complexes of quasi-coherent modules on $X$. Set $B'' = j_{U, *}\mathcal{C}^\bullet$ in $D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))$ and choose a distinguished triangle

$B \to B'' \to B' \to B[1]$

in $D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))$. Since the first arrow of the triangle restricts to an isomorphism over $U$ we see that $B'$ is supported on $T$. Hence in the diagram

$\xymatrix{ \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))}(A, B'[-1]) \ar[r] \ar[d] & \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(i_ X(A), i_ X(B')[-1]) \ar[d] \\ \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))}(A, B) \ar[r] \ar[d] & \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(i_ X(A), i_ X(B)) \ar[d] \\ \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))}(A, B'') \ar[r] \ar[d] & \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(i_ X(A), i_ X(B'')) \ar[d] \\ \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))}(A, B') \ar[r] & \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(i_ X(A), i_ X(B')) }$

we have exact columns and the top and bottom horizontal arrows are bijective. Finally, choose a complex $\mathcal{A}^\bullet$ of quasi-coherent modules representing $A$.

Let $\alpha : i_ X(A) \to i_ X(B)$ be a morphism between in $D(\mathcal{O}_ X)$. The restriction $\alpha |_ U$ comes from a morphism in $D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ U))$ as $i_ U$ is fully faithful. Hence there exists a choice of $s : \mathcal{B}^\bullet |_ U \to \mathcal{C}^\bullet$ as above such that $\alpha |_ U$ is represented by an actual map of complexes $\mathcal{A}^\bullet |_ U \to \mathcal{C}^\bullet$. This corresponds to a map of complexes $\mathcal{A} \to j_{U, *}\mathcal{C}^\bullet$. In other words, the image of $\alpha$ in $\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(i_ X(A), i_ X(B''))$ comes from an element of $\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))}(A, B'')$. A diagram chase then shows that $\alpha$ comes from a morphism $A \to B$ in $D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))$. Finally, suppose that $a : A \to B$ is a morphism of $D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))$ which becomes zero in $D(\mathcal{O}_ X)$. After choosing $\mathcal{B}^\bullet$ suitably, we may assume $a$ is represented by a morphism of complexes $a^\bullet : \mathcal{A}^\bullet \to \mathcal{B}^\bullet$. Since $i_ U$ is fully faithul the restriction $a^\bullet |_ U$ is zero in $D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ U))$. Thus we can choose $s$ such that $s \circ a^\bullet |_ U : \mathcal{A}^\bullet |_ U \to \mathcal{C}^\bullet$ is homotopic to zero. Applying the functor $j_{U, *}$ we conclude that $\mathcal{A}^\bullet \to j_{U, *}\mathcal{C}^\bullet$ is homotopic to zero. Thus $a$ maps to zero in $\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))}(A, B'')$. Thus we may assume that $a$ is the image of an element of $b \in \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))}(A, B'[-1])$. The image of $b$ in $\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(i_ X(A), i_ X(B')[-1])$ comes from a $\gamma \in \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(A, B''[-1])$ (as $a$ maps to zero in the group on the right). Since we've seen above the horizontal arrows are surjective, we see that $\gamma$ comes from a $c$ in $\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X))}(A, B''[-1])$ which implies $a = 0$ as desired.

At this point we know that $i_ X$ is fully faithful for our original $X$. Since $RQ_ X$ is its right adjoint, we see that $RQ_ X \circ i_ X = \text{id}$ (Categories, Lemma 4.24.4). To finish the proof we show that for any $E$ in $D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ the map $i_ X(RQ_ X(E)) \to E$ is an isomorphism. Choose a distinguished triangle

$i_ X(RQ_ X(E)) \to E \to E' \to i_ X(RQ_ X(E))[1]$

in $D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$. A formal argument using the above shows that $i_ X(RQ_ X(E')) = 0$. Thus it suffices to prove that for $E \in D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ the condition $i_ X(RQ_ X(E)) = 0$ implies that $E = 0$. Consider an étale morphism $j : V \to X$ with $V$ affine. By Lemmas 73.11.3 and 73.11.2 and our assumption we have

$Rj_*(E|_ V) = Rj_*(i_ V(RQ_ V(E|_ V))) = i_ X(\Phi (RQ_ V(E|_ V))) = i_ X(RQ_ X(Rj_*(E|_ V)))$

Choose a distinguished triangle

$E \to Rj_*(E|_ V) \to E' \to E[1]$

Apply $RQ_ X$ to get a distinguished triangle

$0 \to RQ_ X(Rj_*(E|_ V)) \to RQ_ X(E') \to 0[1]$

in other words the map in the middle is an isomorphism. Combined with the string of equalities above we find that our first distinguished triangle becomes a distinguished triangle

$E \to i_ X(RQ_ X(E')) \to E' \to E[1]$

where the middle morphism is the adjunction map. However, the composition $E \to E'$ is zero, hence $E \to i_ X(RQ_ X(E'))$ is zero by adjunction! Since this morphism is isomorphic to the morphism $E \to Rj_*(E|_ V)$ adjoint to $\text{id} : E|_ V \to E|_ V$ we conclude that $E|_ V$ is zero. Since this holds for all affine $V$ étale over $X$ we conclude $E$ is zero as desired. $\square$

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