## 52.8 Algebraization of local cohomology, I

Let $A$ be a Noetherian ring and let $I$ and $J$ be two ideals of $A$. Let $M$ be a finite $A$-module. In this section we study the cohomology groups of the object

$R\Gamma _ J(M)^\wedge \quad \text{of}\quad D(A)$

where ${}^\wedge$ denotes derived $I$-adic completion. Observe that in Dualizing Complexes, Lemma 47.12.5 we have shown, if $A$ is complete with respect to $I$, that there is an isomorphism

$\mathop{\mathrm{colim}}\nolimits H^0_ Z(M) \longrightarrow H^0(R\Gamma _ J(M)^\wedge )$

where the (directed) colimit is over the closed subsets $Z = V(J')$ with $J' \subset J$ and $V(J') \cap V(I) = V(J) \cap V(I)$. The union of these closed subsets is

52.8.0.1
$$\label{algebraization-equation-associated-subset} T = \{ \mathfrak p \in \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(A) : V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(I) \subset V(J) \cap V(I)\}$$

This is a subset of $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(A)$ stable under specialization. The result above becomes the statement that

$H^0_ T(M) \longrightarrow H^0(R\Gamma _ J(M)^\wedge )$

is an isomorphism provided $A$ is complete with respect to $I$, see Local Cohomology, Lemma 51.5.3 and Remark 51.5.6. Our method to extend this isomorphism to higher cohomology groups rests on the following lemma.

Lemma 52.8.1. Let $I, J$ be ideals of a Noetherian ring $A$. Let $M$ be a finite $A$-module. Let $\mathfrak p \subset A$ be a prime. Let $s$ and $d$ be integers. Assume

1. $A$ has a dualizing complex,

2. $\mathfrak p \not\in V(J) \cap V(I)$,

3. $\text{cd}(A, I) \leq d$, and

4. for all primes $\mathfrak p' \subset \mathfrak p$ we have $\text{depth}_{A_{\mathfrak p'}}(M_{\mathfrak p'}) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p')_\mathfrak q) > d + s$ for all $\mathfrak q \in V(\mathfrak p') \cap V(J) \cap V(I)$.

Then there exists an $f \in A$, $f \not\in \mathfrak p$ which annihilates $H^ i(R\Gamma _ J(M)^\wedge )$ for $i \leq s$ where ${}^\wedge$ indicates $I$-adic completion.

Proof. We will use that $R\Gamma _ J = R\Gamma _{V(J)}$ and similarly for $I + J$, see Dualizing Complexes, Lemma 47.10.1. Observe that $R\Gamma _ J(M)^\wedge = R\Gamma _ I(R\Gamma _ J(M))^\wedge = R\Gamma _{I + J}(M)^\wedge$, see Dualizing Complexes, Lemmas 47.12.1 and 47.9.6. Thus we may replace $J$ by $I + J$ and assume $I \subset J$ and $\mathfrak p \not\in V(J)$. Recall that

$R\Gamma _ J(M)^\wedge = R\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _ A(R\Gamma _ I(A), R\Gamma _ J(M))$

by the description of derived completion in More on Algebra, Lemma 15.91.10 combined with the description of local cohomology in Dualizing Complexes, Lemma 47.10.2. Assumption (3) means that $R\Gamma _ I(A)$ has nonzero cohomology only in degrees $\leq d$. Using the canonical truncations of $R\Gamma _ I(A)$ we find it suffices to show that

$\text{Ext}^ i(N, R\Gamma _ J(M))$

is annihilated by an $f \in A$, $f \not\in \mathfrak p$ for $i \leq s + d$ and any $A$-module $N$. In turn using the canonical truncations for $R\Gamma _ J(M)$ we see that it suffices to show $H^ i_ J(M)$ is annihilated by an $f \in A$, $f \not\in \mathfrak p$ for $i \leq s + d$. This follows from Local Cohomology, Lemma 51.10.2. $\square$

Lemma 52.8.2. Let $I, J$ be ideals of a Noetherian ring. Let $M$ be a finite $A$-module. Let $s$ and $d$ be integers. With $T$ as in (52.8.0.1) assume

1. $A$ has a dualizing complex,

2. if $\mathfrak p \in V(I)$, then no condition,

3. if $\mathfrak p \not\in V(I)$, $\mathfrak p \in T$, then $\dim ((A/\mathfrak p)_\mathfrak q) \leq d$ for some $\mathfrak q \in V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(J) \cap V(I)$,

4. if $\mathfrak p \not\in V(I)$, $\mathfrak p \not\in T$, then

$\text{depth}_{A_\mathfrak p}(M_\mathfrak p) \geq s \quad \text{or}\quad \text{depth}_{A_\mathfrak p}(M_\mathfrak p) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p)_\mathfrak q) > d + s$

for all $\mathfrak q \in V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(J) \cap V(I)$.

Then there exists an ideal $J_0 \subset J$ with $V(J_0) \cap V(I) = V(J) \cap V(I)$ such that for any $J' \subset J_0$ with $V(J') \cap V(I) = V(J) \cap V(I)$ the map

$R\Gamma _{J'}(M) \longrightarrow R\Gamma _{J_0}(M)$

induces an isomorphism in cohomology in degrees $\leq s$ and moreover these modules are annihilated by a power of $J_0I$.

Proof. Let us consider the set

$B = \{ \mathfrak p \not\in V(I),\ \mathfrak p \in T,\text{ and } \text{depth}(M_\mathfrak p) \leq s\}$

Choose $J_0 \subset J$ such that $V(J_0)$ is the closure of $B \cup V(J)$.

Claim I: $V(J_0) \cap V(I) = V(J) \cap V(I)$.

Proof of Claim I. The inclusion $\supset$ holds by construction. Let $\mathfrak p$ be a minimal prime of $V(J_0)$. If $\mathfrak p \in B \cup V(J)$, then either $\mathfrak p \in T$ or $\mathfrak p \in V(J)$ and in both cases $V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(I) \subset V(J) \cap V(I)$ as desired. If $\mathfrak p \not\in B \cup V(J)$, then $V(\mathfrak p) \cap B$ is dense, hence infinite, and we conclude that $\text{depth}(M_\mathfrak p) < s$ by Local Cohomology, Lemma 51.9.2. In fact, let $V(\mathfrak p) \cap B = \{ \mathfrak p_\lambda \} _{\lambda \in \Lambda }$. Pick $\mathfrak q_\lambda \in V(\mathfrak p_\lambda ) \cap V(J) \cap V(I)$ as in (3). Let $\delta : \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(A) \to \mathbf{Z}$ be the dimension function associated to a dualizing complex $\omega _ A^\bullet$ for $A$. Since $\Lambda$ is infinite and $\delta$ is bounded, there exists an infinite subset $\Lambda ' \subset \Lambda$ on which $\delta (\mathfrak q_\lambda )$ is constant. For $\lambda \in \Lambda '$ we have

$\text{depth}(M_{\mathfrak p_\lambda }) + \delta (\mathfrak p_\lambda ) - \delta (\mathfrak q_\lambda ) = \text{depth}(M_{\mathfrak p_\lambda }) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p_\lambda )_{\mathfrak q_\lambda }) \leq d + s$

by (3) and the definition of $B$. By the semi-continuity of the function $\text{depth} + \delta$ proved in Duality for Schemes, Lemma 48.2.8 we conclude that

$\text{depth}(M_\mathfrak p) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p)_{\mathfrak q_\lambda }) = \text{depth}(M_\mathfrak p) + \delta (\mathfrak p) - \delta (\mathfrak q_\lambda ) \leq d + s$

Since also $\mathfrak p \not\in V(I)$ we read off from (4) that $\mathfrak p \in T$, i.e., $V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(I) \subset V(J) \cap V(I)$. This finishes the proof of Claim I.

Claim II: $H^ i_{J_0}(M) \to H^ i_ J(M)$ is an isomorphism for $i \leq s$ and $J' \subset J_0$ with $V(J') \cap V(I) = V(J) \cap V(I)$.

Proof of claim II. Choose $\mathfrak p \in V(J')$ not in $V(J_0)$. It suffices to show that $H^ i_{\mathfrak pA_\mathfrak p}(M_\mathfrak p) = 0$ for $i \leq s$, see Local Cohomology, Lemma 51.2.6. Observe that $\mathfrak p \in T$. Hence since $\mathfrak p$ is not in $B$ we see that $\text{depth}(M_\mathfrak p) > s$ and the groups vanish by Dualizing Complexes, Lemma 47.11.1.

Claim III. The final statement of the lemma is true.

By Claim II for $i \leq s$ we have

$H^ i_ T(M) = H^ i_{J_0}(M) = H^ i_{J'}(M)$

for all ideals $J' \subset J_0$ with $V(J') \cap V(I) = V(J) \cap V(I)$. See Local Cohomology, Lemma 51.5.3. Let us check the hypotheses of Local Cohomology, Proposition 51.10.1 for the subsets $T \subset T \cup V(I)$, the module $M$, and the integer $s$. We have to show that given $\mathfrak p \subset \mathfrak q$ with $\mathfrak p \not\in T \cup V(I)$ and $\mathfrak q \in T$ we have

$\text{depth}_{A_\mathfrak p}(M_\mathfrak p) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p)_\mathfrak q) > s$

If $\text{depth}(M_\mathfrak p) \geq s$, then this is true because the dimension of $(A/\mathfrak p)_\mathfrak q$ is at least $1$. Thus we may assume $\text{depth}(M_\mathfrak p) < s$. If $\mathfrak q \in V(I)$, then $\mathfrak q \in V(J) \cap V(I)$ and the inequality holds by (4). If $\mathfrak q \not\in V(I)$, then we can use (3) to pick $\mathfrak q' \in V(\mathfrak q) \cap V(J) \cap V(I)$ with $\dim ((A/\mathfrak q)_{\mathfrak q'}) \leq d$. Then assumption (4) gives

$\text{depth}_{A_\mathfrak p}(M_\mathfrak p) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p)_{\mathfrak q'}) > s + d$

Since $A$ is catenary this implies the inequality we want. Applying Local Cohomology, Proposition 51.10.1 we find $J'' \subset A$ with $V(J'') \subset T \cup V(I)$ such that $J''$ annihilates $H^ i_ T(M)$ for $i \leq s$. Then we can write $V(J'') \cup V(J_0) \cup V(I) = V(J'I)$ for some $J' \subset J_0$ with $V(J') \cap V(I) = V(J) \cap V(I)$. Replacing $J_0$ by $J'$ the proof is complete. $\square$

Lemma 52.8.3. In Lemma 52.8.2 if instead of the empty condition (2) we assume

1. if $\mathfrak p \in V(I)$, $\mathfrak p \not\in V(J) \cap V(I)$, then $\text{depth}_{A_\mathfrak p}(M_\mathfrak p) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p)_\mathfrak q) > s$ for all $\mathfrak q \in V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(J) \cap V(I)$,

then the conditions also imply that $H^ i_{J_0}(M)$ is a finite $A$-module for $i \leq s$.

Proof. Recall that $H^ i_{J_0}(M) = H^ i_ T(M)$, see proof of Lemma 52.8.2. Thus it suffices to check that for $\mathfrak p \not\in T$ and $\mathfrak q \in T$ with $\mathfrak p \subset \mathfrak q$ we have $\text{depth}_{A_\mathfrak p}(M_\mathfrak p) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p)_\mathfrak q) > s$, see Local Cohomology, Proposition 51.11.1. Condition (2') tells us this is true for $\mathfrak p \in V(I)$. Since we know $H^ i_ T(M)$ is annihilated by a power of $IJ_0$ we know the condition holds if $\mathfrak p \not\in V(IJ_0)$ by Local Cohomology, Proposition 51.10.1. This covers all cases and the proof is complete. $\square$

Lemma 52.8.4. If in Lemma 52.8.2 we additionally assume

1. if $\mathfrak p \not\in V(I)$, $\mathfrak p \in T$, then $\text{depth}_{A_\mathfrak p}(M_\mathfrak p) > s$,

then $H^ i_{J_0}(M) = H^ i_ J(M) = H^ i_{J + I}(M)$ for $i \leq s$ and these modules are annihilated by a power of $I$.

Proof. Choose $\mathfrak p \in V(J)$ or $\mathfrak p \in V(J_0)$ but $\mathfrak p \not\in V(J + I) = V(J_0 + I)$. It suffices to show that $H^ i_{\mathfrak pA_\mathfrak p}(M_\mathfrak p) = 0$ for $i \leq s$, see Local Cohomology, Lemma 51.2.6. These groups vanish by condition (6) and Dualizing Complexes, Lemma 47.11.1. The final statement follows from Local Cohomology, Proposition 51.10.1. $\square$

Lemma 52.8.5. Let $I, J$ be ideals of a Noetherian ring $A$. Let $M$ be a finite $A$-module. Let $s$ and $d$ be integers. With $T$ as in (52.8.0.1) assume

1. $A$ is $I$-adically complete and has a dualizing complex,

2. if $\mathfrak p \in V(I)$ no condition,

3. $\text{cd}(A, I) \leq d$,

4. if $\mathfrak p \not\in V(I)$, $\mathfrak p \not\in T$ then

$\text{depth}_{A_\mathfrak p}(M_\mathfrak p) \geq s \quad \text{or}\quad \text{depth}_{A_\mathfrak p}(M_\mathfrak p) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p)_\mathfrak q) > d + s$

for all $\mathfrak q \in V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(J) \cap V(I)$,

5. if $\mathfrak p \not\in V(I)$, $\mathfrak p \not\in T$, $V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(J) \cap V(I) \not= \emptyset$, and $\text{depth}(M_\mathfrak p) < s$, then one of the following holds1:

1. $\dim (\text{Supp}(M_\mathfrak p)) < s + 2$2, or

2. $\delta (\mathfrak p) > d + \delta _{max} - 1$ where $\delta$ is a dimension function and $\delta _{max}$ is the maximum of $\delta$ on $V(J) \cap V(I)$, or

3. $\text{depth}_{A_\mathfrak p}(M_\mathfrak p) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p)_\mathfrak q) > d + s + \delta _{max} - \delta _{min} - 2$ for all $\mathfrak q \in V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(J) \cap V(I)$.

Then there exists an ideal $J_0 \subset J$ with $V(J_0) \cap V(I) = V(J) \cap V(I)$ such that for any $J' \subset J_0$ with $V(J') \cap V(I) = V(J) \cap V(I)$ the map

$R\Gamma _{J'}(M) \longrightarrow R\Gamma _ J(M)^\wedge$

induces an isomorphism on cohomology in degrees $\leq s$. Here ${}^\wedge$ denotes derived $I$-adic completion.

We encourage the reader to read the proof in the local case first (Lemma 52.9.5) as it explains the structure of the proof without having to deal with all the inequalities.

Proof. For an ideal $\mathfrak a \subset A$ we have $R\Gamma _\mathfrak a = R\Gamma _{V(\mathfrak a)}$, see Dualizing Complexes, Lemma 47.10.1. Next, we observe that

$R\Gamma _ J(M)^\wedge = R\Gamma _ I(R\Gamma _ J(M))^\wedge = R\Gamma _{I + J}(M)^\wedge = R\Gamma _{I + J'}(M)^\wedge = R\Gamma _ I(R\Gamma _{J'}(M))^\wedge = R\Gamma _{J'}(M)^\wedge$

by Dualizing Complexes, Lemmas 47.9.6 and 47.12.1. This explains how we define the arrow in the statement of the lemma.

We claim that the hypotheses of Lemma 52.8.2 are implied by our current hypotheses on $M$. The only thing to verify is hypothesis (3). Thus let $\mathfrak p \not\in V(I)$, $\mathfrak p \in T$. Then $V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(I)$ is nonempty as $I$ is contained in the Jacobson radical of $A$ (Algebra, Lemma 10.96.6). Since $\mathfrak p \in T$ we have $V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(I) = V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(J) \cap V(I)$. Let $\mathfrak q \in V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(I)$ be the generic point of an irreducible component. We have $\text{cd}(A_\mathfrak q, I_\mathfrak q) \leq d$ by Local Cohomology, Lemma 51.4.6. We have $V(\mathfrak pA_\mathfrak q) \cap V(I_\mathfrak q) = \{ \mathfrak qA_\mathfrak q\}$ by our choice of $\mathfrak q$ and we conclude $\dim ((A/\mathfrak p)_\mathfrak q) \leq d$ by Local Cohomology, Lemma 51.4.10.

Observe that the lemma holds for $s < 0$. This is not a trivial case because it is not a priori clear that $H^ i(R\Gamma _ J(M)^\wedge )$ is zero for $i < 0$. However, this vanishing was established in Dualizing Complexes, Lemma 47.12.4. We will prove the lemma by induction for $s \geq 0$.

The lemma for $s = 0$ follows immediately from the conclusion of Lemma 52.8.2 and Dualizing Complexes, Lemma 47.12.5.

Assume $s > 0$ and the lemma has been shown for smaller values of $s$. Let $M' \subset M$ be the maximal submodule whose support is contained in $V(I) \cup T$. Then $M'$ is a finite $A$-module whose support is contained in $V(J') \cup V(I)$ for some ideal $J' \subset J$ with $V(J') \cap V(I) = V(J) \cap V(I)$. We claim that

$R\Gamma _{J'}(M') \to R\Gamma _ J(M')^\wedge$

is an isomorphism for any choice of $J'$. Namely, we can choose a short exact sequence $0 \to M_1 \oplus M_2 \to M' \to N \to 0$ with $M_1$ annihilated by a power of $J'$, with $M_2$ annihilated by a power of $I$, and with $N$ annihilated by a power of $I + J'$. Thus it suffices to show that the claim holds for $M_1$, $M_2$, and $N$. In the case of $M_1$ we see that $R\Gamma _{J'}(M_1) = M_1$ and since $M_1$ is a finite $A$-module and $I$-adically complete we have $M_1^\wedge = M_1$. This proves the claim for $M_1$ by the initial remarks of the proof. In the case of $M_2$ we see that $H^ i_ J(M_2) = H^ i_{I + J}(M) = H^ i_{I + J'}(M) = H^ i_{J'}(M_2)$ are annihilated by a power of $I$ and hence derived complete. Thus the claim in this case also. For $N$ we can use either of the arguments just given. Considering the short exact sequence $0 \to M' \to M \to M/M' \to 0$ we see that it suffices to prove the lemma for $M/M'$. Thus we may assume $\text{Ass}(M) \cap (V(I) \cup T) = \emptyset$.

Let $\mathfrak p \in \text{Ass}(M)$ be such that $V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(J) \cap V(I) = \emptyset$. Since $I$ is contained in the Jacobson radical of $A$ this implies that $V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(J') = \emptyset$ for any $J' \subset J$ with $V(J') \cap V(I) = V(J) \cap V(I)$. Thus setting $N = H^0_\mathfrak p(M)$ we see that $R\Gamma _ J(N) = R\Gamma _{J'}(N) = 0$ for all $J' \subset J$ with $V(J') \cap V(I) = V(J) \cap V(I)$. In particular $R\Gamma _ J(N)^\wedge = 0$. Thus we may replace $M$ by $M/N$ as this changes the structure of $M$ only in primes which do not play a role in conditions (4) or (5). Repeating we may assume that $V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(J) \cap V(I) \not= \emptyset$ for all $\mathfrak p \in \text{Ass}(M)$.

Assume $\text{Ass}(M) \cap (V(I) \cup T) = \emptyset$ and that $V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(J) \cap V(I) \not= \emptyset$ for all $\mathfrak p \in \text{Ass}(M)$. Let $\mathfrak p \in \text{Ass}(M)$. We want to show that we may apply Lemma 52.8.1. It is in the verification of this that we will use the supplemental condition (5). Choose $\mathfrak p' \subset \mathfrak p$ and $\mathfrak q' \subset V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(J) \cap V(I)$.

1. If $M_{\mathfrak p'} = 0$, then $\text{depth}(M_{\mathfrak p'}) = \infty$ and $\text{depth}(M_{\mathfrak p'}) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p')_{\mathfrak q'}) > d + s$.

2. If $\text{depth}(M_{\mathfrak p'}) < s$, then $\text{depth}(M_{\mathfrak p'}) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p')_{\mathfrak q'}) > d + s$ by (4).

In the remaining cases we have $M_{\mathfrak p'} \not= 0$ and $\text{depth}(M_{\mathfrak p'}) \geq s$. In particular, we see that $\mathfrak p'$ is in the support of $M$ and we can choose $\mathfrak p'' \subset \mathfrak p'$ with $\mathfrak p'' \in \text{Ass}(M)$.

1. Observe that $\dim ((A/\mathfrak p'')_{\mathfrak p'}) \geq \text{depth}(M_{\mathfrak p'})$ by Algebra, Lemma 10.72.9. If equality holds, then we have

$\text{depth}(M_{\mathfrak p'}) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p')_{\mathfrak q'}) = \text{depth}(M_{\mathfrak p''}) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p'')_{\mathfrak q'}) > s + d$

by (4) applied to $\mathfrak p''$ and we are done. This means we are only in trouble if $\dim ((A/\mathfrak p'')_{\mathfrak p'}) > \text{depth}(M_{\mathfrak p'})$. This implies that $\dim (M_\mathfrak p) \geq s + 2$. Thus if (5)(a) holds, then this does not occur.

2. If (5)(b) holds, then we get

$\text{depth}(M_{\mathfrak p'}) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p')_{\mathfrak q'}) \geq s + \delta (\mathfrak p') - \delta (\mathfrak q') \geq s + 1 + \delta (\mathfrak p) - \delta _{max} > s + d$

as desired.

3. If (5)(c) holds, then we get

\begin{align*} \text{depth}(M_{\mathfrak p'}) + \dim ((A/\mathfrak p')_{\mathfrak q'}) & \geq s + \delta (\mathfrak p') - \delta (\mathfrak q') \\ & \geq s + 1 + \delta (\mathfrak p) - \delta (\mathfrak q') \\ & = s + 1 + \delta (\mathfrak p) - \delta (\mathfrak q) + \delta (\mathfrak q) - \delta (\mathfrak q') \\ & > s + 1 + (s + d + \delta _{max} - \delta _{min} - 2) + \delta (\mathfrak q) - \delta (\mathfrak q') \\ & \geq 2s + d - 1 \geq s + d \end{align*}

as desired. Observe that this argument works because we know that a prime $\mathfrak q \in V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(J) \cap V(I)$ exists.

Now we are ready to do the induction step.

Choose an ideal $J_0$ as in Lemma 52.8.2 and an integer $t > 0$ such that $(J_0I)^ t$ annihilates $H^ s_ J(M)$. The assumptions of Lemma 52.8.1 are satisfied for every $\mathfrak p \in \text{Ass}(M)$ (see previous paragraph). Thus the annihilator $\mathfrak a \subset A$ of $H^ s(R\Gamma _ J(M)^\wedge )$ is not contained in $\mathfrak p$ for $\mathfrak p \in \text{Ass}(M)$. Thus we can find an $f \in \mathfrak a(J_0I)^ t$ not in any associated prime of $M$ which is an annihilator of both $H^ s(R\Gamma _ J(M)^\wedge )$ and $H^ s_ J(M)$. Then $f$ is a nonzerodivisor on $M$ and we can consider the short exact sequence

$0 \to M \xrightarrow {f} M \to M/fM \to 0$

Our choice of $f$ shows that we obtain

$\xymatrix{ H^{s - 1}_{J'}(M) \ar[d] \ar[r] & H^{s - 1}_{J'}(M/fM) \ar[d] \ar[r] & H^ s_{J'}(M) \ar[d] \ar[r] & 0 \\ H^{s - 1}(R\Gamma _ J(M)^\wedge ) \ar[r] & H^{s - 1}(R\Gamma _ J(M/fM)^\wedge ) \ar[r] & H^ s(R\Gamma _ J(M)^\wedge ) \ar[r] & 0 }$

for any $J' \subset J_0$ with $V(J') \cap V(I) = V(J) \cap V(I)$. Thus if we choose $J'$ such that it works for $M$ and $M/fM$ and $s - 1$ (possible by induction hypothesis – see next paragraph), then we conclude that the lemma is true.

To finish the proof we have to show that the module $M/fM$ satisfies the hypotheses (4) and (5) for $s - 1$. Thus we let $\mathfrak p$ be a prime in the support of $M/fM$ with $\text{depth}((M/fM)_\mathfrak p) < s - 1$ and with $V(\mathfrak p) \cap V(J) \cap V(I)$ nonempty. Then $\dim (M_\mathfrak p) = \dim ((M/fM)_\mathfrak p) + 1$ and $\text{depth}(M_\mathfrak p) = \text{depth}((M/fM)_\mathfrak p) + 1$. In particular, we know (4) and (5) hold for $\mathfrak p$ and $M$ with the original value $s$. The desired inequalities then follow by inspection. $\square$

Example 52.8.6. In Lemma 52.8.5 we do not know that the inverse systems $H^ i_ J(M/I^ nM)$ satisfy the Mittag-Leffler condition. For example, suppose that $A = \mathbf{Z}_ p[[x, y]]$, $I = (p)$, $J = (p, x)$, and $M = A/(xy - p)$. Then the image of $H^0_ J(M/p^ nM) \to H^0_ J(M/pM)$ is the ideal generated by $y^ n$ in $M/pM = A/(p, xy)$.

[2] For example if $M$ satisfies Serre's condition $(S_ s)$ on the complement of $V(I) \cup T$.

In your comment you can use Markdown and LaTeX style mathematics (enclose it like $\pi$). A preview option is available if you wish to see how it works out (just click on the eye in the toolbar).