Lemma 53.20.13. Let $f : X \to S$ be a morphism of schemes. Assume
$f$ is proper,
$f$ is at-worst-nodal of relative dimension $1$, and
the geometric fibres of $f$ are connected.
Then (a) $f_*\mathcal{O}_ X = \mathcal{O}_ S$ and this holds after any base change, (b) $R^1f_*\mathcal{O}_ X$ is a finite locally free $\mathcal{O}_ S$-module whose formation commutes with any base change, and (c) $R^ qf_*\mathcal{O}_ X = 0$ for $q \geq 2$.
Proof. Part (a) follows from Derived Categories of Schemes, Lemma 36.32.6. By Derived Categories of Schemes, Lemma 36.32.5 locally on $S$ we can write $Rf_*\mathcal{O}_ X = \mathcal{O}_ S \oplus P$ where $P$ is perfect of tor amplitude in $[1, \infty )$. Recall that formation of $Rf_*\mathcal{O}_ X$ commutes with arbitrary base change (Derived Categories of Schemes, Lemma 36.30.4). Thus for $s \in S$ we have
This is zero unless $i = 1$ since $X_ s$ is a $1$-dimensional Noetherian scheme, see Cohomology, Proposition 20.20.7. Then $P = H^1(P)[-1]$ and $H^1(P)$ is finite locally free for example by More on Algebra, Lemma 15.75.6. Since everything is compatible with base change we conclude. $\square$
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