Lemma 29.58.1. Let $f : Y \to X$ be a morphism of schemes. Let $x \in X$ be a point. Assume that $Y$ is reduced and $f(Y)$ is set-theoretically contained in $\{ x\} $. Then $f$ factors through the canonical morphism $x = \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(\kappa (x)) \to X$.
29.58 Miscellany
Results which do not fit elsewhere.
Proof. Omitted. Hints: working affine locally one reduces to a commutative algebra lemma. Given a ring map $A \to B$ with $B$ reduced such that there exists a unique prime ideal $\mathfrak p \subset A$ in the image of $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(B) \to \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(A)$, then $A \to B$ factors through $\kappa (\mathfrak p)$. This is a nice exercise. $\square$
Lemma 29.58.2. Let $f : Y \to X$ be a morphism of schemes. Let $E \subset X$. Assume $X$ is locally Noetherian, there are no nontrivial specializations among the elements of $E$, $Y$ is reduced, and $f(Y) \subset E$. Then $f$ factors through $\coprod _{x \in E} x \to X$.
Proof. When $E$ is a singleton this follows from Lemma 29.58.1. If $E$ is finite, then $E$ (with the induced topology of $X$) is a finite discrete space by our assumption on specializations. Hence this case reduces to the singleton case. In general, there is a reduction to the case where $X$ and $Y$ are affine schemes. Say $f : Y \to X$ corresponds to the ring map $\varphi : A \to B$. Denote $A' \subset B$ the image of $\varphi $. Let $E' \subset \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(A') \subset \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(A)$ be the set of minimal primes of $A'$. By Algebra, Lemma 10.30.5 the set $E'$ is contained in the image of $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(B) \to \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(A') \subset \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(A)$. We conclude that $E' \subset E$. Since $A'$ is Noetherian we have $E'$ is finite by Algebra, Lemma 10.31.6. Since any other point in the image of $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(B) \to \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(A)$ is a specialization of an element of $E'$ and in $E$, we conclude that the image is contained in $E'$ (by our assumption on specializations between points of $E$). Thus we reduce to the case where $E$ is finite which we dealt with above. $\square$
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