The Stacks project

Proof. The equivalence of (1) and (2) follows from Stacks, Lemma 8.7.2. The implication (3) $\Rightarrow $ (1) follows from Lemma 93.13.2. Finally, assume (1). By Stacks, Lemma 8.6.3 there exists an equivalence $j : \mathcal{X} \to \mathcal{S}_ F$ where $F$ is a sheaf on $(\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}$. By Lemma 93.9.5 the fact that $\Delta _\mathcal {X}$ is representable by algebraic spaces, means that $\Delta _ F : F \to F \times F$ is representable by algebraic spaces. Let $U$ be a scheme and let $x : (\mathit{Sch}/U)_{fppf} \to \mathcal{X}$ be a surjective smooth morphism. The composition $j \circ x : (\mathit{Sch}/U)_{fppf} \to \mathcal{S}_ F$ corresponds to a morphism $h_ U \to F$ of sheaves. By Bootstrap, Lemma 79.5.1 this morphism is representable by algebraic spaces. Hence by Lemma 93.10.4 we conclude that $h_ U \to F$ is surjective and smooth. In particular it is surjective, flat and locally of finite presentation (by Lemma 93.10.9 and the fact that a smooth morphism of algebraic spaces is flat and locally of finite presentation, see Morphisms of Spaces, Lemmas 66.37.5 and 66.37.7). Finally, we apply Bootstrap, Theorem 79.10.1 to see that $F$ is an algebraic space. $\square$