Processing math: 100%

The Stacks project

Lemma 32.10.1. Let I be a directed set. Let (S_ i, f_{ii'}) be an inverse system of schemes over I. Assume

  1. the morphisms f_{ii'} : S_ i \to S_{i'} are affine,

  2. the schemes S_ i are quasi-compact and quasi-separated.

Let S = \mathop{\mathrm{lim}}\nolimits _ i S_ i. Then we have the following:

  1. For any morphism of finite presentation X \to S there exists an index i \in I and a morphism of finite presentation X_ i \to S_ i such that X \cong X_{i, S} as schemes over S.

  2. Given an index i \in I, schemes X_ i, Y_ i of finite presentation over S_ i, and a morphism \varphi : X_{i, S} \to Y_{i, S} over S, there exists an index i' \geq i and a morphism \varphi _{i'} : X_{i, S_{i'}} \to Y_{i, S_{i'}} whose base change to S is \varphi .

  3. Given an index i \in I, schemes X_ i, Y_ i of finite presentation over S_ i and a pair of morphisms \varphi _ i, \psi _ i : X_ i \to Y_ i whose base changes \varphi _{i, S} = \psi _{i, S} are equal, there exists an index i' \geq i such that \varphi _{i, S_{i'}} = \psi _{i, S_{i'}}.

In other words, the category of schemes of finite presentation over S is the colimit over I of the categories of schemes of finite presentation over S_ i.

Proof. In case each of the schemes S_ i is affine, and we consider only affine schemes of finite presentation over S_ i, resp. S this lemma is equivalent to Algebra, Lemma 10.127.8. We claim that the affine case implies the lemma in general.

Let us prove (3). Suppose given an index i \in I, schemes X_ i, Y_ i of finite presentation over S_ i and a pair of morphisms \varphi _ i, \psi _ i : X_ i \to Y_ i. Assume that the base changes are equal: \varphi _{i, S} = \psi _{i, S}. We will use the notation X_{i'} = X_{i, S_{i'}} and Y_{i'} = Y_{i, S_{i'}} for i' \geq i. We also set X = X_{i, S} and Y = Y_{i, S}. Note that according to Lemma 32.2.3 we have X = \mathop{\mathrm{lim}}\nolimits _{i' \geq i} X_{i'} and similarly for Y. Additionally we denote \varphi _{i'} and \psi _{i'} (resp. \varphi and \psi ) the base change of \varphi _ i and \psi _ i to S_{i'} (resp. S). So our assumption means that \varphi = \psi . Since Y_ i and X_ i are of finite presentation over S_ i, and since S_ i is quasi-compact and quasi-separated, also X_ i and Y_ i are quasi-compact and quasi-separated (see Morphisms, Lemma 29.21.10). Hence we may choose a finite affine open covering Y_ i = \bigcup V_{j, i} such that each V_{j, i} maps into an affine open of S. As above, denote V_{j, i'} the inverse image of V_{j, i} in Y_{i'} and V_ j the inverse image in Y. The immersions V_{j, i'} \to Y_{i'} are quasi-compact, and the inverse images U_{j, i'} = \varphi _ i^{-1}(V_{j, i'}) and U_{j, i'}' = \psi _ i^{-1}(V_{j, i'}) are quasi-compact opens of X_{i'}. By assumption the inverse images of V_ j under \varphi and \psi in X are equal. Hence by Lemma 32.4.11 there exists an index i' \geq i such that of U_{j, i'} = U_{j, i'}' in X_{i'}. Choose an finite affine open covering U_{j, i'} = U_{j, i'}' = \bigcup W_{j, k, i'} which induce coverings U_{j, i''} = U_{j, i''}' = \bigcup W_{j, k, i''} for all i'' \geq i'. By the affine case there exists an index i'' such that \varphi _{i''}|_{W_{j, k, i''}} = \psi _{i''}|_{W_{j, k, i''}} for all j, k. Then i'' is an index such that \varphi _{i''} = \psi _{i''} and (3) is proved.

Let us prove (2). Suppose given an index i \in I, schemes X_ i, Y_ i of finite presentation over S_ i and a morphism \varphi : X_{i, S} \to Y_{i, S}. We will use the notation X_{i'} = X_{i, S_{i'}} and Y_{i'} = Y_{i, S_{i'}} for i' \geq i. We also set X = X_{i, S} and Y = Y_{i, S}. Note that according to Lemma 32.2.3 we have X = \mathop{\mathrm{lim}}\nolimits _{i' \geq i} X_{i'} and similarly for Y. Since Y_ i and X_ i are of finite presentation over S_ i, and since S_ i is quasi-compact and quasi-separated, also X_ i and Y_ i are quasi-compact and quasi-separated (see Morphisms, Lemma 29.21.10). Hence we may choose a finite affine open covering Y_ i = \bigcup V_{j, i} such that each V_{j, i} maps into an affine open of S. As above, denote V_{j, i'} the inverse image of V_{j, i} in Y_{i'} and V_ j the inverse image in Y. The immersions V_ j \to Y are quasi-compact, and the inverse images U_ j = \varphi ^{-1}(V_ j) are quasi-compact opens of X. Hence by Lemma 32.4.11 there exists an index i' \geq i and quasi-compact opens U_{j, i'} of X_{i'} whose inverse image in X is U_ j. Choose an finite affine open covering U_{j, i'} = \bigcup W_{j, k, i'} which induce affine open coverings U_{j, i''} = \bigcup W_{j, k, i''} for all i'' \geq i' and an affine open covering U_ j = \bigcup W_{j, k}. By the affine case there exists an index i'' and morphisms \varphi _{j, k, i''} : W_{j, k, i''} \to V_{j, i''} such that \varphi |_{W_{j, k}} = \varphi _{j, k, i'', S} for all j, k. By part (3) proved above, there is a further index i''' \geq i'' such that

\varphi _{j_1, k_1, i'', S_{i'''}}|_{W_{j_1, k_1, i'''} \cap W_{j_2, k_2, i'''}} = \varphi _{j_2, k_2, i'', S_{i'''}}|_{W_{j_1, k_1, i'''} \cap W_{j_2, k_2, i'''}}

for all j_1, j_2, k_1, k_2. Then i''' is an index such that there exists a morphism \varphi _{i'''} : X_{i'''} \to Y_{i'''} whose base change to S gives \varphi . Hence (2) holds.

Let us prove (1). Suppose given a scheme X of finite presentation over S. Since X is of finite presentation over S, and since S is quasi-compact and quasi-separated, also X is quasi-compact and quasi-separated (see Morphisms, Lemma 29.21.10). Choose a finite affine open covering X = \bigcup U_ j such that each U_ j maps into an affine open V_ j \subset S. Denote U_{j_1j_2} = U_{j_1} \cap U_{j_2} and U_{j_1j_2j_3} = U_{j_1} \cap U_{j_2} \cap U_{j_3}. By Lemmas 32.4.11 and 32.4.13 we can find an index i_1 and affine opens V_{j, i_1} \subset S_{i_1} such that each V_ j is the inverse of this in S. Let V_{j, i} be the inverse image of V_{j, i_1} in S_ i for i \geq i_1. By the affine case we may find an index i_2 \geq i_1 and affine schemes U_{j, i_2} \to V_{j, i_2} such that U_ j = S \times _{S_{i_2}} U_{j, i_2} is the base change. Denote U_{j, i} = S_ i \times _{S_{i_2}} U_{j, i_2} for i \geq i_2. By Lemma 32.4.11 there exists an index i_3 \geq i_2 and open subschemes W_{j_1, j_2, i_3} \subset U_{j_1, i_3} whose base change to S is equal to U_{j_1j_2}. Denote W_{j_1, j_2, i} = S_ i \times _{S_{i_3}} W_{j_1, j_2, i_3} for i \geq i_3. By part (2) shown above there exists an index i_4 \geq i_3 and morphisms \varphi _{j_1, j_2, i_4} : W_{j_1, j_2, i_4} \to W_{j_2, j_1, i_4} whose base change to S gives the identity morphism U_{j_1j_2} = U_{j_2j_1} for all j_1, j_2. For all i \geq i_4 denote \varphi _{j_1, j_2, i} = \text{id}_ S \times \varphi _{j_1, j_2, i_4} the base change. We claim that for some i_5 \geq i_4 the system ((U_{j, i_5})_ j, (W_{j_1, j_2, i_5})_{j_1, j_2}, (\varphi _{j_1, j_2, i_5})_{j_1, j_2}) forms a glueing datum as in Schemes, Section 26.14. In order to see this we have to verify that for i large enough we have

\varphi _{j_1, j_2, i}^{-1}(W_{j_1, j_2, i} \cap W_{j_1, j_3, i}) = W_{j_1, j_2, i} \cap W_{j_1, j_3, i}

and that for large enough i the cocycle condition holds. The first condition follows from Lemma 32.4.11 and the fact that U_{j_2j_1j_3} = U_{j_1j_2j_3}. The second from part (1) of the lemma proved above and the fact that the cocycle condition holds for the maps \text{id} : U_{j_1j_2} \to U_{j_2j_1}. Ok, so now we can use Schemes, Lemma 26.14.2 to glue the system ((U_{j, i_5})_ j, (W_{j_1, j_2, i_5})_{j_1, j_2}, (\varphi _{j_1, j_2, i_5})_{j_1, j_2}) to get a scheme X_{i_5} \to S_{i_5}. By construction the base change of X_{i_5} to S is formed by glueing the open affines U_ j along the opens U_{j_1} \leftarrow U_{j_1j_2} \rightarrow U_{j_2}. Hence S \times _{S_{i_5}} X_{i_5} \cong X as desired. \square


Comments (1)

Comment #9918 by ZL on

Typos: Second paragraph, the proof of : "Hence we may choose a finite affine open covering such that each maps into an affine open of ." should be "...such that each maps into an affine open of ." since we are using the affine case Lemma 10.127.8.

There is a similar typo in the third paragraph for the proof of .

In the proof of the equality "" should be "". Also the phrase to verify the cocyle condition should be "The second from part of the lemma proved above..."


Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked.

In your comment you can use Markdown and LaTeX style mathematics (enclose it like $\pi$). A preview option is available if you wish to see how it works out (just click on the eye in the toolbar).

Unfortunately JavaScript is disabled in your browser, so the comment preview function will not work.

All contributions are licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.