Proof.
In case each of the schemes S_ i is affine, and we consider only affine schemes of finite presentation over S_ i, resp. S this lemma is equivalent to Algebra, Lemma 10.127.8. We claim that the affine case implies the lemma in general.
Let us prove (3). Suppose given an index i \in I, schemes X_ i, Y_ i of finite presentation over S_ i and a pair of morphisms \varphi _ i, \psi _ i : X_ i \to Y_ i. Assume that the base changes are equal: \varphi _{i, S} = \psi _{i, S}. We will use the notation X_{i'} = X_{i, S_{i'}} and Y_{i'} = Y_{i, S_{i'}} for i' \geq i. We also set X = X_{i, S} and Y = Y_{i, S}. Note that according to Lemma 32.2.3 we have X = \mathop{\mathrm{lim}}\nolimits _{i' \geq i} X_{i'} and similarly for Y. Additionally we denote \varphi _{i'} and \psi _{i'} (resp. \varphi and \psi ) the base change of \varphi _ i and \psi _ i to S_{i'} (resp. S). So our assumption means that \varphi = \psi . Since Y_ i and X_ i are of finite presentation over S_ i, and since S_ i is quasi-compact and quasi-separated, also X_ i and Y_ i are quasi-compact and quasi-separated (see Morphisms, Lemma 29.21.10). Hence we may choose a finite affine open covering Y_ i = \bigcup V_{j, i} such that each V_{j, i} maps into an affine open of S. As above, denote V_{j, i'} the inverse image of V_{j, i} in Y_{i'} and V_ j the inverse image in Y. The immersions V_{j, i'} \to Y_{i'} are quasi-compact, and the inverse images U_{j, i'} = \varphi _ i^{-1}(V_{j, i'}) and U_{j, i'}' = \psi _ i^{-1}(V_{j, i'}) are quasi-compact opens of X_{i'}. By assumption the inverse images of V_ j under \varphi and \psi in X are equal. Hence by Lemma 32.4.11 there exists an index i' \geq i such that of U_{j, i'} = U_{j, i'}' in X_{i'}. Choose an finite affine open covering U_{j, i'} = U_{j, i'}' = \bigcup W_{j, k, i'} which induce coverings U_{j, i''} = U_{j, i''}' = \bigcup W_{j, k, i''} for all i'' \geq i'. By the affine case there exists an index i'' such that \varphi _{i''}|_{W_{j, k, i''}} = \psi _{i''}|_{W_{j, k, i''}} for all j, k. Then i'' is an index such that \varphi _{i''} = \psi _{i''} and (3) is proved.
Let us prove (2). Suppose given an index i \in I, schemes X_ i, Y_ i of finite presentation over S_ i and a morphism \varphi : X_{i, S} \to Y_{i, S}. We will use the notation X_{i'} = X_{i, S_{i'}} and Y_{i'} = Y_{i, S_{i'}} for i' \geq i. We also set X = X_{i, S} and Y = Y_{i, S}. Note that according to Lemma 32.2.3 we have X = \mathop{\mathrm{lim}}\nolimits _{i' \geq i} X_{i'} and similarly for Y. Since Y_ i and X_ i are of finite presentation over S_ i, and since S_ i is quasi-compact and quasi-separated, also X_ i and Y_ i are quasi-compact and quasi-separated (see Morphisms, Lemma 29.21.10). Hence we may choose a finite affine open covering Y_ i = \bigcup V_{j, i} such that each V_{j, i} maps into an affine open of S. As above, denote V_{j, i'} the inverse image of V_{j, i} in Y_{i'} and V_ j the inverse image in Y. The immersions V_ j \to Y are quasi-compact, and the inverse images U_ j = \varphi ^{-1}(V_ j) are quasi-compact opens of X. Hence by Lemma 32.4.11 there exists an index i' \geq i and quasi-compact opens U_{j, i'} of X_{i'} whose inverse image in X is U_ j. Choose an finite affine open covering U_{j, i'} = \bigcup W_{j, k, i'} which induce affine open coverings U_{j, i''} = \bigcup W_{j, k, i''} for all i'' \geq i' and an affine open covering U_ j = \bigcup W_{j, k}. By the affine case there exists an index i'' and morphisms \varphi _{j, k, i''} : W_{j, k, i''} \to V_{j, i''} such that \varphi |_{W_{j, k}} = \varphi _{j, k, i'', S} for all j, k. By part (3) proved above, there is a further index i''' \geq i'' such that
\varphi _{j_1, k_1, i'', S_{i'''}}|_{W_{j_1, k_1, i'''} \cap W_{j_2, k_2, i'''}} = \varphi _{j_2, k_2, i'', S_{i'''}}|_{W_{j_1, k_1, i'''} \cap W_{j_2, k_2, i'''}}
for all j_1, j_2, k_1, k_2. Then i''' is an index such that there exists a morphism \varphi _{i'''} : X_{i'''} \to Y_{i'''} whose base change to S gives \varphi . Hence (2) holds.
Let us prove (1). Suppose given a scheme X of finite presentation over S. Since X is of finite presentation over S, and since S is quasi-compact and quasi-separated, also X is quasi-compact and quasi-separated (see Morphisms, Lemma 29.21.10). Choose a finite affine open covering X = \bigcup U_ j such that each U_ j maps into an affine open V_ j \subset S. Denote U_{j_1j_2} = U_{j_1} \cap U_{j_2} and U_{j_1j_2j_3} = U_{j_1} \cap U_{j_2} \cap U_{j_3}. By Lemmas 32.4.11 and 32.4.13 we can find an index i_1 and affine opens V_{j, i_1} \subset S_{i_1} such that each V_ j is the inverse of this in S. Let V_{j, i} be the inverse image of V_{j, i_1} in S_ i for i \geq i_1. By the affine case we may find an index i_2 \geq i_1 and affine schemes U_{j, i_2} \to V_{j, i_2} such that U_ j = S \times _{S_{i_2}} U_{j, i_2} is the base change. Denote U_{j, i} = S_ i \times _{S_{i_2}} U_{j, i_2} for i \geq i_2. By Lemma 32.4.11 there exists an index i_3 \geq i_2 and open subschemes W_{j_1, j_2, i_3} \subset U_{j_1, i_3} whose base change to S is equal to U_{j_1j_2}. Denote W_{j_1, j_2, i} = S_ i \times _{S_{i_3}} W_{j_1, j_2, i_3} for i \geq i_3. By part (2) shown above there exists an index i_4 \geq i_3 and morphisms \varphi _{j_1, j_2, i_4} : W_{j_1, j_2, i_4} \to W_{j_2, j_1, i_4} whose base change to S gives the identity morphism U_{j_1j_2} = U_{j_2j_1} for all j_1, j_2. For all i \geq i_4 denote \varphi _{j_1, j_2, i} = \text{id}_ S \times \varphi _{j_1, j_2, i_4} the base change. We claim that for some i_5 \geq i_4 the system ((U_{j, i_5})_ j, (W_{j_1, j_2, i_5})_{j_1, j_2}, (\varphi _{j_1, j_2, i_5})_{j_1, j_2}) forms a glueing datum as in Schemes, Section 26.14. In order to see this we have to verify that for i large enough we have
\varphi _{j_1, j_2, i}^{-1}(W_{j_1, j_2, i} \cap W_{j_1, j_3, i}) = W_{j_1, j_2, i} \cap W_{j_1, j_3, i}
and that for large enough i the cocycle condition holds. The first condition follows from Lemma 32.4.11 and the fact that U_{j_2j_1j_3} = U_{j_1j_2j_3}. The second from part (1) of the lemma proved above and the fact that the cocycle condition holds for the maps \text{id} : U_{j_1j_2} \to U_{j_2j_1}. Ok, so now we can use Schemes, Lemma 26.14.2 to glue the system ((U_{j, i_5})_ j, (W_{j_1, j_2, i_5})_{j_1, j_2}, (\varphi _{j_1, j_2, i_5})_{j_1, j_2}) to get a scheme X_{i_5} \to S_{i_5}. By construction the base change of X_{i_5} to S is formed by glueing the open affines U_ j along the opens U_{j_1} \leftarrow U_{j_1j_2} \rightarrow U_{j_2}. Hence S \times _{S_{i_5}} X_{i_5} \cong X as desired.
\square
Comments (1)
Comment #9918 by ZL on