Lemma 97.14.1. Let $S$ be a scheme. Let $X$ be an algebraic space over $S$. Then $\mathcal{H}_ d(X)$ is an algebraic stack.
97.14 Finite Hilbert stacks of spaces
The finite Hilbert stack of an algebraic space is an algebraic stack.
Proof. The $1$-morphism
\[ \mathcal{H}_ d(X) \longrightarrow \mathcal{H}_ d \]
is representable by algebraic spaces according to Lemma 97.12.6. The stack $\mathcal{H}_ d$ is an algebraic stack according to Proposition 97.13.2. Hence $\mathcal{H}_ d(X)$ is an algebraic stack by Algebraic Stacks, Lemma 94.15.4. $\square$
This lemma allows us to bootstrap.
Lemma 97.14.2. Let $S$ be a scheme. Let $F : \mathcal{X} \to \mathcal{Y}$ be a $1$-morphism of stacks in groupoids over $(\mathit{Sch}/S)_{fppf}$ such that
$\mathcal{X}$ is representable by an algebraic space, and
$F$ is representable by algebraic spaces, surjective, flat, and locally of finite presentation.
Then $\mathcal{H}_ d(\mathcal{X}/\mathcal{Y})$ is an algebraic stack.
Proof. Choose a representable stack in groupoids $\mathcal{U}$ over $S$ and a $1$-morphism $f : \mathcal{U} \to \mathcal{H}_ d(\mathcal{X})$ which is representable by algebraic spaces, smooth, and surjective. This is possible because $\mathcal{H}_ d(\mathcal{X})$ is an algebraic stack by Lemma 97.14.1. Consider the $2$-fibre product
\[ \mathcal{W} = \mathcal{H}_ d(\mathcal{X}/\mathcal{Y}) \times _{\mathcal{H}_ d(\mathcal{X}), f} \mathcal{U}. \]
Since $\mathcal{U}$ is representable (in particular a stack in setoids) it follows from Examples of Stacks, Lemma 95.18.3 and Stacks, Lemma 8.6.7 that $\mathcal{W}$ is a stack in setoids. The $1$-morphism $\mathcal{W} \to \mathcal{H}_ d(\mathcal{X}/\mathcal{Y})$ is representable by algebraic spaces, smooth, and surjective as a base change of the morphism $f$ (see Algebraic Stacks, Lemmas 94.9.7 and 94.10.6). Thus, if we can show that $\mathcal{W}$ is representable by an algebraic space, then the lemma follows from Algebraic Stacks, Lemma 94.15.3.
The diagonal of $\mathcal{Y}$ is representable by algebraic spaces according to Lemma 97.4.3. We may apply Lemma 97.12.5 to see that the $1$-morphism
\[ \mathcal{H}_ d(\mathcal{X}/\mathcal{Y}) \longrightarrow \mathcal{H}_ d(\mathcal{X}) \times \mathcal{Y} \]
is representable by algebraic spaces. Consider the $2$-fibre product
\[ \mathcal{V} = \mathcal{H}_ d(\mathcal{X}/\mathcal{Y}) \times _{(\mathcal{H}_ d(\mathcal{X}) \times \mathcal{Y}), f \times F} (\mathcal{U} \times \mathcal{X}). \]
The projection morphism $\mathcal{V} \to \mathcal{U} \times \mathcal{X}$ is representable by algebraic spaces as a base change of the last displayed morphism. Hence $\mathcal{V}$ is an algebraic space (see Bootstrap, Lemma 80.3.6 or Algebraic Stacks, Lemma 94.9.8). The $1$-morphism $\mathcal{V} \to \mathcal{U}$ fits into the following $2$-cartesian diagram
\[ \xymatrix{ \mathcal{V} \ar[d] \ar[r] & \mathcal{X} \ar[d]^ F \\ \mathcal{W} \ar[r] & \mathcal{Y} } \]
because
\[ \mathcal{H}_ d(\mathcal{X}/\mathcal{Y}) \times _{(\mathcal{H}_ d(\mathcal{X}) \times \mathcal{Y}), f \times F} (\mathcal{U} \times \mathcal{X}) = (\mathcal{H}_ d(\mathcal{X}/\mathcal{Y}) \times _{\mathcal{H}_ d(\mathcal{X}), f} \mathcal{U}) \times _{\mathcal{Y}, F} \mathcal{X}. \]
Hence $\mathcal{V} \to \mathcal{W}$ is representable by algebraic spaces, surjective, flat, and locally of finite presentation as a base change of $F$. It follows that the same thing is true for the corresponding sheaves of sets associated to $\mathcal{V}$ and $\mathcal{W}$, see Algebraic Stacks, Lemma 94.10.4. Thus we conclude that the sheaf associated to $\mathcal{W}$ is an algebraic space by Bootstrap, Theorem 80.10.1. $\square$
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