[Theorem 6.8, Rouquier-dimensions]

Lemma 36.15.4. Let $X$ be a quasi-compact and quasi-separated scheme. Let $T \subset X$ be a closed subset such that $X \setminus T$ is quasi-compact. With notation as above, the category $D_{\mathit{QCoh}, T}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ is generated by a single perfect object.

Proof. We will prove this using the induction principle of Cohomology of Schemes, Lemma 30.4.1.

Assume $X = \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(A)$ is affine. In this case there exist $f_1, \ldots , f_ r \in A$ such that $T = V(f_1, \ldots , f_ r)$. Let $K$ be the Koszul complex on $f_1, \ldots , f_ r$ as in Lemma 36.15.2. Then $K$ is a perfect object with cohomology supported on $T$ and hence a perfect object of $D_{\mathit{QCoh}, T}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$. On the other hand, if $E \in D_{\mathit{QCoh}, T}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ and $\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits (K, E[n]) = 0$ for all $n$, then Lemma 36.15.2 tells us that $E = Rj_*(E|_{X \setminus T}) = 0$. Hence $K$ generates $D_{\mathit{QCoh}, T}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$, (by our definition of generators of triangulated categories in Derived Categories, Definition 13.36.3).

Assume that $X = U \cup V$ is an open covering with $V$ affine and $U$ quasi-compact such that the lemma holds for $U$. Let $P$ be a perfect object of $D(\mathcal{O}_ U)$ supported on $T \cap U$ which is a generator for $D_{\mathit{QCoh}, T \cap U}(\mathcal{O}_ U)$. Using Lemma 36.13.10 we may choose a perfect object $Q$ of $D(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ supported on $T$ whose restriction to $U$ is a direct sum one of whose summands is $P$. Write $V = \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(B)$. Let $Z = X \setminus U$. Then $Z$ is a closed subset of $V$ such that $V \setminus Z$ is quasi-compact. As $X$ is quasi-separated, it follows that $Z \cap T$ is a closed subset of $V$ such that $W = V \setminus (Z \cap T)$ is quasi-compact. Thus we can choose $g_1, \ldots , g_ s \in B$ such that $Z \cap T = V(g_1, \ldots , g_ r)$. Let $K \in D(\mathcal{O}_ V)$ be the perfect object corresponding to the Koszul complex on $g_1, \ldots , g_ s$ over $B$. Note that since $K$ is supported on $(Z \cap T) \subset V$ closed, the pushforward $K' = R(V \to X)_*K$ is a perfect object of $D(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ whose restriction to $V$ is $K$ (see Cohomology, Lemma 20.46.10). We claim that $Q \oplus K'$ is a generator for $D_{\mathit{QCoh}, T}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$.

Let $E$ be an object of $D_{\mathit{QCoh}, T}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ such that there are no nontrivial maps from any shift of $Q \oplus K'$ into $E$. By Cohomology, Lemma 20.33.6 we have $K' = R(V \to X)_! K$ and hence

$\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(K'[n], E) = \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ V)}(K[n], E|_ V)$

Thus by Lemma 36.15.2 we have $E|_ V = Rj_*E|_ W$ where $j : W \to V$ is the inclusion. Picture

$\xymatrix{ W \ar[r]_ j & V & Z \cap T \ar[l] \ar[d] \\ U \cap V \ar[u]^{j'} \ar[ru]_{j''} & & Z \ar[lu] }$

Since $E$ is supported on $T$ we see that $E|_ W$ is supported on $T \cap W = T \cap U \cap V$ which is closed in $W$. We conclude that

$E|_ V = Rj_*(E|_ W) = Rj_*(Rj'_*(E|_{U \cap V})) = Rj''_*(E|_{U \cap V})$

where the second equality is part (1) of Cohomology, Lemma 20.33.6. This implies that $E = R(U \to X)_*E|_ U$ (small detail omitted). If this is the case then

$\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(Q[n], E) = \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ U)}(Q|_ U[n], E|_ U)$

which contains $\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ U)}(P[n], E|_ U)$ as a direct summand. Thus by our choice of $P$ the vanishing of these groups implies that $E|_ U$ is zero. Whence $E$ is zero. $\square$

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